viha
Estonian
Etymology
From Proto-Finnic *viha.
Inflection
| Declension of viha (ÕS type 17/elu, no gradation) | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| singular | plural | ||
| nominative | viha | vihad | |
| accusative | nom. | ||
| gen. | viha | ||
| genitive | vihade | ||
| partitive | viha | vihasid | |
| illative | vihha vihasse |
vihadesse | |
| inessive | vihas | vihades | |
| elative | vihast | vihadest | |
| allative | vihale | vihadele | |
| adessive | vihal | vihadel | |
| ablative | vihalt | vihadelt | |
| translative | vihaks | vihadeks | |
| terminative | vihani | vihadeni | |
| essive | vihana | vihadena | |
| abessive | vihata | vihadeta | |
| comitative | vihaga | vihadega | |
Finnish
Etymology
From Proto-Finnic *viha, from earlier *wiša, from an Indo-Iranian language (cf. Proto-Indo-Iranian *dwiša). Cognates within Uralic include Estonian viha, Northern Sami vašši, Udmurt вож (vož, “hate”) and Komi-Zyrian веж (vež, “envy”).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈʋihɑ/, [ˈʋiɦɑ̝]
- Rhymes: -ihɑ
- Syllabification(key): vi‧ha
Noun
viha
Declension
| Inflection of viha (Kotus type 9/kala, no gradation) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | viha | vihat | ||
| genitive | vihan | vihojen | ||
| partitive | vihaa | vihoja | ||
| illative | vihaan | vihoihin | ||
| singular | plural | |||
| nominative | viha | vihat | ||
| accusative | nom. | viha | vihat | |
| gen. | vihan | |||
| genitive | vihan | vihojen vihainrare | ||
| partitive | vihaa | vihoja | ||
| inessive | vihassa | vihoissa | ||
| elative | vihasta | vihoista | ||
| illative | vihaan | vihoihin | ||
| adessive | vihalla | vihoilla | ||
| ablative | vihalta | vihoilta | ||
| allative | vihalle | vihoille | ||
| essive | vihana | vihoina | ||
| translative | vihaksi | vihoiksi | ||
| abessive | vihatta | vihoitta | ||
| instructive | — | vihoin | ||
| comitative | See the possessive forms below. | |||
| Possessive forms of viha (Kotus type 9/kala, no gradation) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Derived terms
adjectives
nouns
verbs
compounds
References
- Häkkinen, Kaisa (2004) Nykysuomen etymologinen sanakirja [Modern Finnish Etymological Dictionary] (in Finnish), Juva: WSOY, →ISBN
Further reading
- “viha”, in Kielitoimiston sanakirja [Dictionary of Contemporary Finnish] (in Finnish) (online dictionary, continuously updated), Kotimaisten kielten keskuksen verkkojulkaisuja 35, Helsinki: Kotimaisten kielten tutkimuskeskus (Institute for the Languages of Finland), 2004–, retrieved 2023-07-04
Ingrian
Pronunciation
- (Ala-Laukaa) IPA(key): /ˈʋihɑ/, [ˈʋihɑ]
- (Soikkola) IPA(key): /ˈʋihɑ/, [ˈʋihɑ]
- Rhymes: -ihɑ
- Hyphenation: vi‧ha
Declension
| Declension of viha (type 3/kana, no gradation, gemination) | ||
|---|---|---|
| singular | plural | |
| nominative | viha | vihat |
| genitive | vihan | vihhoin |
| partitive | vihhaa | vihoja |
| illative | vihhaa | vihhoi |
| inessive | vihas | vihois |
| elative | vihast | vihoist |
| allative | vihalle | vihoille |
| adessive | vihal | vihoil |
| ablative | vihalt | vihoilt |
| translative | vihaks | vihoiks |
| essive | vihanna, vihhaan | vihoinna, vihhoin |
| exessive1) | vihant | vihoint |
| 1) obsolete *) the accusative corresponds with either the genitive (sg) or nominative (pl) **) the comitative is formed by adding the suffix -ka? or -kä? to the genitive. | ||
References
- Ruben E. Nirvi (1971) Inkeroismurteiden Sanakirja, Helsinki: Suomalais-Ugrilainen Seura, page 664
Veps
Etymology
From Proto-Finnic *viha.
Inflection
| Inflection of viha (inflection type 5/sana) | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative sing. | viha | ||
| genitive sing. | vihan | ||
| partitive sing. | vihad | ||
| partitive plur. | vihoid | ||
| singular | plural | ||
| nominative | viha | vihad | |
| accusative | vihan | vihad | |
| genitive | vihan | vihoiden | |
| partitive | vihad | vihoid | |
| essive-instructive | vihan | vihoin | |
| translative | vihaks | vihoikš | |
| inessive | vihas | vihoiš | |
| elative | vihaspäi | vihoišpäi | |
| illative | vihaze | vihoiže | |
| adessive | vihal | vihoil | |
| ablative | vihalpäi | vihoilpäi | |
| allative | vihale | vihoile | |
| abessive | vihata | vihoita | |
| comitative | vihanke | vihoidenke | |
| prolative | vihadme | vihoidme | |
| approximative I | vihanno | vihoidenno | |
| approximative II | vihannoks | vihoidennoks | |
| egressive | vihannopäi | vihoidennopäi | |
| terminative I | vihazesai | vihoižesai | |
| terminative II | vihalesai | vihoilesai | |
| terminative III | vihassai | — | |
| additive I | vihazepäi | vihoižepäi | |
| additive II | vihalepäi | vihoilepäi | |
References
- Zajceva, N. G., Mullonen, M. I. (2007) “ненависть”, in Uz’ venä-vepsläine vajehnik / Novyj russko-vepsskij slovarʹ [New Russian–Veps Dictionary], Petrozavodsk: Periodika
Votic
Pronunciation
- (Luutsa, Liivtšülä) IPA(key): /ˈvihɑ/, [ˈvʲihɑ]
- Rhymes: -ihɑ
- Hyphenation: vi‧ha
Etymology 1
From Proto-Finnic *viha (“anger, hatred”).
Inflection
| Declension of viha (type III/jalkõ, no gradation) | ||
|---|---|---|
| singular | plural | |
| nominative | viha | vihad |
| genitive | viha | vihojõ, vihoi |
| partitive | vihha | vihoitõ, vihoi |
| illative | vihhasõ, vihha | vihoisõ |
| inessive | vihaz | vihoiz |
| elative | vihassõ | vihoissõ |
| allative | vihalõ | vihoilõ |
| adessive | vihallõ | vihoillõ |
| ablative | vihaltõ | vihoiltõ |
| translative | vihassi | vihoissi |
| *) the accusative corresponds with either the genitive (sg) or nominative (pl) **) the terminative is formed by adding the suffix -ssaa to the short illative (sg) or the genitive. ***) the comitative is formed by adding the suffix -ka to the genitive. | ||
Etymology 2
From Proto-Finnic *viha (“poison”).
Inflection
| Declension of viha (type III/jalkõ, no gradation) | ||
|---|---|---|
| singular | plural | |
| nominative | viha | vihad |
| genitive | viha | vihojõ, vihoi |
| partitive | vihha | vihoitõ, vihoi |
| illative | vihhasõ, vihha | vihoisõ |
| inessive | vihaz | vihoiz |
| elative | vihassõ | vihoissõ |
| allative | vihalõ | vihoilõ |
| adessive | vihallõ | vihoillõ |
| ablative | vihaltõ | vihoiltõ |
| translative | vihassi | vihoissi |
| *) the accusative corresponds with either the genitive (sg) or nominative (pl) **) the terminative is formed by adding the suffix -ssaa to the short illative (sg) or the genitive. ***) the comitative is formed by adding the suffix -ka to the genitive. | ||
References
- Hallap, V., Adler, E., Grünberg, S., Leppik, M. (2012) Vadja keele sõnaraamat [A dictionary of the Votic language], 2nd edition, Tallinn
This article is issued from Wiktionary. The text is licensed under Creative Commons - Attribution - Sharealike. Additional terms may apply for the media files.