vahva
Finnish
Etymology
From Proto-Finnic *vahva, compare Estonian vahva. Further origin unknown; comparisons to Hungarian vastag (“thick”) have not been accepted.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈʋɑhʋɑ/, [ˈʋɑ̝xʋɑ̝]
- Rhymes: -ɑhʋɑ
- Syllabification(key): vah‧va
Adjective
vahva (comparative vahvempi, superlative vahvin)
- strong, powerful (capable of exerting or withstanding great physical force; possessing power, might, or strength)
- strong (capable of withstanding great physical force)
- strong (highly stimulating to the senses)
- strong, powerful (having a powerful effect, as of a chemical; not dilute; containing the active ingredient in great quantity)
- vahva lääke ― a strong medicine
- vahva kahvi ― strong coffee
- strong, convincing (e.g. of evidence)
- Antonym: heikko
- thick, sturdy (of a layer of material such as a wall or fabric; not thin or fragile)
- Antonym: heikko
- strong (determined; unyielding)
- Synonym: luja
- rich (e.g. of soil: containing large amounts of nutrients)
- thick, dense (e.g. of hair or smoke)
- (chemistry) strong (that completely ionizes into anions and cations in a solution)
- (grammar) strong (fortis, of a grade in consonant gradation)
- (grammar) strong (inflecting in a different manner than the one called weak, such as Germanic verbs)
Declension
Inflection of vahva (Kotus type 9/kala, no gradation) | |||
---|---|---|---|
nominative | vahva | vahvat | |
genitive | vahvan | vahvojen | |
partitive | vahvaa | vahvoja | |
illative | vahvaan | vahvoihin | |
singular | plural | ||
nominative | vahva | vahvat | |
accusative | nom. | vahva | vahvat |
gen. | vahvan | ||
genitive | vahvan | vahvojen vahvainrare | |
partitive | vahvaa | vahvoja | |
inessive | vahvassa | vahvoissa | |
elative | vahvasta | vahvoista | |
illative | vahvaan | vahvoihin | |
adessive | vahvalla | vahvoilla | |
ablative | vahvalta | vahvoilta | |
allative | vahvalle | vahvoille | |
essive | vahvana | vahvoina | |
translative | vahvaksi | vahvoiksi | |
abessive | vahvatta | vahvoitta | |
instructive | — | vahvoin | |
comitative | — | vahvoine |
Possessive forms of vahva (Kotus type 9/kala, no gradation) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Rare. Only used with substantive adjectives. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Derived terms
Further reading
- “vahva”, in Kielitoimiston sanakirja [Dictionary of Contemporary Finnish] (in Finnish) (online dictionary, continuously updated), Kotimaisten kielten keskuksen verkkojulkaisuja 35, Helsinki: Kotimaisten kielten tutkimuskeskus (Institute for the Languages of Finland), 2004–, retrieved 2023-07-04
Ingrian
Pronunciation
- (Ala-Laukaa) IPA(key): /ˈʋɑhʋɑ/, [ˈʋɑhʋ]
- (Soikkola) IPA(key): /ˈʋɑhʋɑ/, [ˈʋɑhʋɑ]
- Rhymes: -ɑhʋ, -ɑhʋɑ
- Hyphenation: vah‧va
Adjective
vahva (comparative vahvemp)
- strong
- (grammar) strong
- vahva steeppeni ― strong grade
- 1936, V. I. Junus, Iƶoran Keelen Grammatikka, Leningrad: Riikin Ucebno-pedagogiceskoi Izdateljstva, page 20:
- Vahvan steeppenin t vaihtui l-aa.
- The t of the strong grade is changed into an l.
- (phonology) primary
- vahva paino ― primary stress
- 1936, V. I. Junus, Iƶoran Keelen Grammatikka, Leningrad: Riikin Ucebno-pedagogiceskoi Izdateljstva, page 11:
- Paino voip ollaa vahva, poolivahva, ja slaaboi, siis sitä voip sannoa i painottomaks.
- Stress can be primary, secondary, and tertiary, thus this can also be called unstressed.
Declension
Declension of vahva (type 3/kana, no gradation) | ||
---|---|---|
singular | plural | |
nominative | vahva | vahvat |
genitive | vahvan | vahvoin |
partitive | vahvaa | vahvoja |
illative | vahvaa | vahvoi |
inessive | vahvaas | vahvois |
elative | vahvast | vahvoist |
allative | vahvalle | vahvoille |
adessive | vahvaal | vahvoil |
ablative | vahvalt | vahvoilt |
translative | vahvaks | vahvoiks |
essive | vahvanna, vahvaan | vahvoinna, vahvoin |
exessive1) | vahvant | vahvoint |
1) obsolete *) the accusative corresponds with either the genitive (sg) or nominative (pl) **) the comitative is formed by adding the suffix -ka? or -kä? to the genitive. |
Coordinate terms
- (phonology): poolivahva, slaaboi
Derived terms
References
- V. I. Junus (1936) Iƶoran Keelen Grammatikka, Leningrad: Riikin Ucebno-pedagogiceskoi Izdateljstva, page 57
- Ruben E. Nirvi (1971) Inkeroismurteiden Sanakirja, Helsinki: Suomalais-Ugrilainen Seura, page 630
- Olga I. Konkova, Nikita A. Dyachkov (2014) Inkeroin Keel: Пособие по Ижорскому Языку, →ISBN, page 76
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