sterven
Dutch
Etymology
From Middle Dutch sterven, from Old Dutch stervan, from Proto-Germanic *sterbaną, itself either from Proto-Indo-European *(s)terp- (“to lose force; lose sensibility, become numb; be dead, be motionless”) or from *sterbʰ- (“to be stiff, become stiff”).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈstɛrvə(n)/
Audio (file) - Hyphenation: ster‧ven
- Rhymes: -ɛrvən
Inflection
| Conjugation of sterven (strong class 3+7) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| infinitive | sterven | |||
| past singular | stierf | |||
| past participle | gestorven | |||
| infinitive | sterven | |||
| gerund | sterven n | |||
| present tense | past tense | |||
| 1st person singular | sterf | stierf | ||
| 2nd person sing. (jij) | sterft | stierf | ||
| 2nd person sing. (u) | sterft | stierf | ||
| 2nd person sing. (gij) | sterft | stierft | ||
| 3rd person singular | sterft | stierf | ||
| plural | sterven | stierven | ||
| subjunctive sing.1 | sterve | stierve | ||
| subjunctive plur.1 | sterven | stierven | ||
| imperative sing. | sterf | |||
| imperative plur.1 | sterft | |||
| participles | stervend | gestorven | ||
| 1) Archaic. | ||||
Synonyms
Derived terms
Middle Dutch
Etymology
From Old Dutch stervan, from Proto-Germanic *sterbaną.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈstervən/
Inflection
| Strong class 3 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Infinitive | sterven | |
| 3rd sg. past | starf | |
| 3rd pl. past | storven | |
| Past participle | gestorven | |
| Infinitive | sterven | |
| In genitive | stervens | |
| In dative | stervene | |
| Indicative | Present | Past |
| 1st singular | sterve | starf |
| 2nd singular | sterfs, sterves | storfs, storves |
| 3rd singular | sterft, stervet | starf |
| 1st plural | sterven | storven |
| 2nd plural | sterft, stervet | storft, storvet |
| 3rd plural | sterven | storven |
| Subjunctive | Present | Past |
| 1st singular | sterve | storve |
| 2nd singular | sterfs, sterves | storves |
| 3rd singular | sterve | storve |
| 1st plural | sterven | storven |
| 2nd plural | sterft, stervet | storvet |
| 3rd plural | sterven | storven |
| Imperative | Present | |
| Singular | sterf, sterve | |
| Plural | sterft, stervet | |
| Present | Past | |
| Participle | stervende | gestorven |
Descendants
- Dutch: sterven
- Limburgish: stèrve
Further reading
- “sterven (II)”, in Vroegmiddelnederlands Woordenboek, 2000
- Verwijs, E., Verdam, J. (1885–1929) “sterven”, in Middelnederlandsch Woordenboek, The Hague: Martinus Nijhoff, →ISBN
Middle English
Alternative forms
Etymology
From Old English steorfan, from Proto-West Germanic *sterban, from Proto-Germanic *sterbaną.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈstɛrvən/
- Rhymes: -ɛrvən
Conjugation
Conjugation of sterven (strong class 3)
| infinitive | (to) sterven, sterve | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| present tense | past tense | ||
| 1st-person singular | sterve | starf | |
| 2nd-person singular | stervest | storve, sturve, starf | |
| 3rd-person singular | sterveth | starf | |
| subjunctive singular | sterve | storve1, sturve1 | |
| imperative singular | — | ||
| plural2 | sterven, sterve | storven, storve, sturven, sturve | |
| imperative plural | sterveth, sterve | — | |
| participles | stervynge, stervende | storven, storve, ystorven, ystorve | |
1Replaced by the indicative in later Middle English.
2Sometimes used as a formal 2nd-person singular.
References
- Webster's Seventh New Collegiate Dictionary, Springfield, Massachusetts, G.&C. Merriam Co., 1967
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