rufen

From Middle High German ruofen, from Old High German ruofan, hruofan, from Proto-West Germanic *hrōpan, from Proto-Germanic *hrōpaną. Cognate with Dutch roepen, English roop, which see. Alongside there existed a weak Middle High German ruofen, from Old High German (h)ruofen. Weak conjugation is attestable until the 19th century. It indirectly lingers in the umlautless present forms, as against obsolete du rüfst, er rüft. (Lack of umlaut on rounded diphthong before labial is regular in Upper German, but it has only established itself here, not in laufen and saufen.)

• IPA^(key): /ˈʁuːfən/

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rufen (class 7 strong, third-person singular present ruft, past tense rief, past participle gerufen, auxiliary haben)

1. (intransitive) to call out; to shout; to cry; to shriek

   Synonym: schreien

   Antonym: flüstern

   um Hilfe rufen ― to cry for help

2. (intransitive, with “nach ...”) to call (for someone); to request the presence (of someone)
3. (transitive) to call (something) out

   Synonyms: äußern, schreien, verkünden

   Antonyms: flüstern, schweigen

4. (with dative object) to ask (someone) to do something; to call for (someone) to do something

   Synonym: bitten

   Antonym: befehlen

   jemandem zu antworten rufen ― to ask someone to answer

5. (transitive) to call (someone), e.g. by telephone

• Ruf

• “rufen” in Digitales Wörterbuch der deutschen Sprache
• “rufen” in Uni Leipzig: Wortschatz-Lexikon
• “rufen” in Duden online
• “rufen” in OpenThesaurus.de