retina

From Middle English rethina, borrowing from Medieval Latin rētīna (“retina”, feminine noun), ellipsis of tunica rētīna (“net-like tunic”), used to describe the blood vessel system at the back of the eye. The phrase is attested in the 12th century in Guillelmus the abbot and Gerard of Cremona—the latter may have created this phrase as a translation for Arabic طَبَقَة شَبَكِيَّة (ṭabaqa šabakiyya) "net-like layer", which translates Ancient Greek ἀμφιβληστροειδής χῐτών (amphiblēstroeidḗs khitṓn, “retina”),[1] which is attested in the ancient medical writer Galen.[2]

• (Received Pronunciation) IPA^(key): /ˈɹɛt.ɪ.nə/

  • Audio (Southern England)

    (file)

• (General American) IPA^(key): /ˈɹɛt.ə.nə/, /ˈɹɛt.nə/
• Rhymes: -ɛtɪnə

retina (plural retinas or retinae or (archaic) retinæ)

1. (ophthalmology) The thin layer of cells at the back of the eyeball that contains rods and cones sensitive to light, which trigger nerve impulses that pass via the optic nerve to the brain, where a visual image is formed.

• retineum
• retinula

• “retina”, in Lexico, Dictionary.com; Oxford University Press, 2019–2022.
• “retina”, in Merriam-Webster Online Dictionary, Springfield, Mass.: Merriam-Webster, 1996–present.

• Reitan, atrine, ratiné, retain, tanier, tearin', tin ear

Learned borrowing from Latin retina.

• IPA^(key): (Central, Balearic) [rəˈti.nə]
• IPA^(key): (Valencian) [reˈti.na]

retina f (plural retines)

1. retina

• “retina” in Diccionari de la llengua catalana, segona edició, Institut d’Estudis Catalans.

From Medieval Latin rētina, the diminutive form of Latin rēte (“net”), probably from Vulgar Latin tunica retina (literally “net-like tunic”), used to describe the blood vessel system at the back of the eye.

• Audio

  (file)

• Hyphenation: re‧ti‧na

retina f or m (plural retina's, diminutive retinaatje n)

1. retina

   Synonym: netvlies

• traine

Learned borrowing from Latin retina.

• IPA^(key): /ˈretinɑ/, [ˈre̞t̪inɑ̝]
• Rhymes: -etinɑ
• Syllabification^(key): re‧ti‧na

retina

1. Synonym of verkkokalvo (“retina”)

• “retina”, in Kielitoimiston sanakirja [Dictionary of Contemporary Finnish]‎ (in Finnish) (online dictionary, continuously updated), Kotimaisten kielten keskuksen verkkojulkaisuja 35, Helsinki: Kotimaisten kielten tutkimuskeskus (Institute for the Languages of Finland), 2004–, retrieved 2023-07-03

• arenti, aterin, tieran

From Late Latin rētina, the diminutive form of Latin rēte (“net”).[1]

• IPA^(key): [ˈrɛtinɒ]
• Hyphenation: re‧ti‧na
• Rhymes: -nɒ

retina (plural retinák)

1. (anatomy) retina (the thin layer of cells at the back of the eyeball where light is converted into neural signals sent to the brain)

• retina in Bárczi, Géza and László Országh. A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára (‘The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language’, abbr.: ÉrtSz.). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962. Fifth ed., 1992: →ISBN

retina (plural retinas)

1. retina

• retinal

The original sense (Etymology 2) of retina, but given a specific anatomical meaning.

• IPA^(key): /ˈrɛ.ti.na/
• Rhymes: -ɛtina
• Hyphenation: rè‧ti‧na

retina f (plural retine)

1. (anatomy) retina

From rete +‎ -ina.

• IPA^(key): /reˈti.na/
• Rhymes: -ina
• Hyphenation: re‧tì‧na

retina f (plural retine)

1. Diminutive of rete
   1. small net
   2. hairnet

• IPA^(key): /reˈti.na/
• Rhymes: -ina
• Hyphenation: re‧tì‧na

retina

1. inflection of retinare:
   1. third-person singular present indicative
   2. second-person singular imperative

• Renati, anitre, arenti, entrai, intera, ratine, renati, rinate, tenari, tirane

Generally explained as a deverbal of retineō (“hold back”).[1][2] Alternatively, derived from retinācula ("reins" - far more common than the singular retināculum), reinterpreted as a feminine diminutive and back-formed into retina. Attested in the Glossarium Ansileubi, which was written between 650 and 800 CE.[3]

retina f (genitive retinae); first declension (Early Medieval Latin)

1. rein (strap or rope attached to a bridle or bit, used to control an animal)
   • 10th century, anonymous, Chronicon Salernitanum 68, (example from DuCange):

     Apprehensaque equi Retina, celeriter eum Beneventum ducebat

     Having seized the horse's rein(s), he quickly rode it to Benevento.

First-declension noun.

• Italo-Romance:
  • Old Italian: redina (plural redine)
    • ⇒ Italian: redine (new singular)
    • Tuscan: redola (Lucca)
  • Neapolitan: rétena
  • Sicilian: rètina
  • → Byzantine Greek: ρέτενα (rétena)
• North Italian: (sometimes blended with briglia)
  • Gallo-Italic:
    • Emilian: redna
    • Ligurian: rédena
    • Lombard: rèdena, redna
    • Piedmontese: rëdna, rënna
  • Ladin: remni (pl.) ⇒ breni
  • Friulian: rèdine ⇒ brene
  • Romansch: regna
  • Venetian: redena ⇒ brena
• Gallo-Romance:
  • Old French: resne, redne; reyne, raine, raigne, raisne, reine, resine, renne
    • French: rêne
    • → English: rein
• Occitano-Romance:
  • Catalan: regna
  • Occitan: retna
• Ibero-Romance:
  • Old Galician-Portuguese: redẽa
    • Galician: rédea
    • Portuguese: rédea
  • Old Spanish: rienda
    • Spanish: rienda
      • →? Galician: renda
      • → Tagalog: renda

• 2. RETINA in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

• rētīna: (Classical) IPA^(key): /reːˈtiː.na/, [reːˈt̪iːnä]
• rētīna: (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): /reˈti.na/, [reˈt̪iːnä]

rētīna

1. inflection of rētīnus:
   1. nominative/vocative feminine singular
   2. nominative/accusative/vocative neuter plural

rētīnā

1. ablative feminine singular of rētīnus

Ellipsis of tunica rētīna (“a net-like tunic”), referring to the fibrillar texture of the eye's retina.[1] The phrase is attested since at least the 12th century, and this noun usage since the 13th c.

• (Classical) IPA^(key): /reːˈtiː.na/, [reːˈt̪iːnä]
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): /reˈti.na/, [reˈt̪iːnä]

rētīna f (genitive rētīnae); first declension

1. (Medieval Latin, anatomy) the retina of an eye
   • 13th c., Roger Bacon, Opus maius 5.1.2.3:

     Et dicit Avicenna quarto de Animalibus, quod retina ducit nutrimentum secundum veritatem ad partes oculi

     And Avicenna says in his fourth book on Animals that the retina actually takes nutrients to the parts of the eye

First-declension noun.

• → Middle English: rethina
  • English: retina

An etymologising spelling, closer to the word’s etymon Ancient Greek ῥητῑ́νη (rhētī́nē, “resin of the pine”).

• (Classical) IPA^(key): /reːˈtiː.na/, [reːˈt̪iːnä]
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): /reˈti.na/, [reˈt̪iːnä]

rētīna f (genitive rētīnae); first declension

1. medieval spelling of rēsīna (“resin”)

First-declension noun.

• 1. RETINA in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)

• Hyphenation: re‧ti‧na

retina f (plural retinas)

1. retina (thin layer of cells at the back of the eyeball)

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

retina

1. inflection of retinir:
   1. first/third-person singular present subjunctive
   2. third-person singular imperative

• IPA^(key): /reˈti.na/
• Rhymes: -ina
• Hyphenation: re‧ti‧na

retina

1. definite nominative/accusative singular of retină

• IPA^(key): /reˈtina/ [reˈt̪i.na]

• Audio (Colombia):

  (file)

• Rhymes: -ina
• Syllabification: re‧ti‧na

retina f (plural retinas)

1. retina

• “retina”, in Diccionario de la lengua española, Vigésima tercera edición, Real Academia Española, 2014