presbyter

English

Etymology

From Late Latin presbyter, from Ancient Greek πρεσβύτερος (presbúteros), from πρέσβυς (présbus, “elder, older”). Doublet of prester and priest.

Pronunciation

(UK) IPA^(key): /ˈpɹɛzbɪtə/
Audio (Southern England) (file)
(US) IPA^(key): /ˈpɹɛzbɪtɚ/, /ˈpɹɛsbɪtɚ/

Noun

presbyter (plural presbyters)

An elder, priest, pastor, or minister in various Christian churches.
Hypernym: cleric
An elder of the Presbyterian church.
Hypernym: cleric
An elder of the congregation in early Christianity.

Derived terms

Related terms

Translations

elder, priest, pastor, or minister in various Christian churches

Armenian: երեց (hy) (erecʻ)
Breton: beleg (br) m
Bulgarian: презвитер m (prezviter)
Esperanto: presbitero, pastro
French: prêtre (fr) m
German: Presbyter m, Presbyterin f, Priester (de) m, Priesterin (de) f
Greek:
Ancient Greek: πρεσβυτεροσ (presbuteros), πρεσβυτερασ f (presbuteras)
Irish: preispitéir m
Italian: presbitero (it) m
Latin: presbyter m
Macedonian: пре́звитер m (prézviter), старе́шина m (staréšina)
Polish: prezbiter (pl) m, kapłan (pl) m
Portuguese: presbítero (pt) m
Serbo-Croatian:
Cyrillic: прѐзбитер m

Roman: prèzbiter (sh) m
Spanish: presbítero (es) m

elder of the Presbyterian church

German: Presbyter m, Presbyterin f

elder of the congregation in early Christianity

References

“presbyter”, in Webster’s Revised Unabridged Dictionary, Springfield, Mass.: G. & C. Merriam, 1913, →OCLC.

Latin

Etymology

From Ancient Greek πρεσβύτερος (presbúteros).

Pronunciation

(Classical) IPA^(key): /ˈpres.by.ter/, [ˈprɛs̠bʏt̪ɛr]

(modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): /ˈpres.bi.ter/, [ˈprɛzbit̪er]

Noun

presbyter m (genitive presbyterī); second declension

elder, presbyter

Declension

Second-declension noun (nominative singular in -er).

Case	Singular	Plural
Nominative	presbyter	presbyterī
Genitive	presbyterī	presbyterōrum
Dative	presbyterō	presbyterīs
Accusative	presbyterum	presbyterōs
Ablative	presbyterō	presbyterīs
Vocative	presbyter	presbyterī

Derived terms

presbytera
presbyterātus

Related terms

presbyterium

Descendants

Balkan Romance:
- Aromanian: preftu, preft
- Romanian: preot
Dalmatian:
- pretro, preter, pret, prat, priat
Italo-Romance:
- Corsican: preti
- Old Italian: preite, previte
  - Italian: prete
- Neapolitan: prevete, preote, preite, preute
- Sicilian: prèviti
North Italian:
- Emilian: prît
- Friulian: predi
- Ligurian: præve, præ
- Lombard: prev, pret, preit, prèvet
  Ossolano: prèu, prèf, prèvi
- Piedmontese: prèive, prève
- Romagnol: prid, prit
- Romansch: prer, prear, preir
- Venetian: prète, prèvede, pre
Gallo-Romance:
- Old Francoprovençal: prestre, prestro (nominative form); preveiro (from the accusative form)
  - Franco-Provençal: prétro, prétre, preitre, préthre, prére, prire
    Valdôtain: prèire
- Old French: prestre, provoire
  - French: prêtre
  - → Old Spanish: preste
    - Spanish: preste
Occitano-Romance:
- Catalan: prevere
- Occitan: preveire, perbeire (dated)
  Auvergnat: prestre
  
  Gascon: prèste
  
  Languedocien: prèire, preire
  
  Limousin: prestre, pestre
  
  Provençal: prèire
  
  Vivaro-Alpine: preire
Insular Romance:
- Sardinian: preide, prede, predi
Sardinian:
- Campidanese: predi
- Logudorese: preide, prede, preìderu, pìderu

Borrowings

→ Albanian: prift
→ English: presbyter, prester
→ Irish: preispitéir
→ Middle Dutch: priester
- Dutch: priester
  - Afrikaans: priester
→ Old English: prēost
- Middle English: prest, preest
  - English: priest
- → Old Norse: prestr
→ Old High German: prēstar
- Middle High German: priester
  - German: Priester
→ Old Welsh: primter
- → Primitive Irish: ᚊᚏᚔᚋᚔᚈᚔᚏ (qrimitir)
  - Old Irish: cruimther
    - Middle Irish: cruimther, cruimmther, cruimper
      - Irish: cruimhthir
      - Scottish Gaelic: cruimthear
→ Old Church Slavonic: презвитеръ (prezviterŭ)
- Bulgarian: презвитер (prezviter)
- → Macedonian: презвитер (prezviter)

References

“presbyter”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
presbyter in Ramminger, Johann (2016 July 16 (last accessed)) Neulateinische Wortliste: Ein Wörterbuch des Lateinischen von Petrarca bis 1700‎, pre-publication website, 2005-2016

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