pinso

Borrowed from Spanish pienso (“feed”).

• IPA^(key): (Central) [ˈpin.su]
• IPA^(key): (Balearic, Valencian) [ˈpin.so]

pinso m (plural pinsos)

1. feed (food given to (especially herbivorous) animals)
   • 2008, Miquel Pujol i Palol, Les plantes cultivades. 1. Cereals, →ISBN, page 20:

     Actualment, el gra de cereals destinat a l’alimentació animal, els pinsos, representa un 33% de la producció total arreu del món i és més del 40% en els països de la Unió Europea.

     Currently, cereal grain set aside for the feeding of animals, feed, represents 33% of the total global production, and it is more than 40% in the countries of the European Union.

• “pinso” in Diccionari de la llengua catalana, segona edició, Institut d’Estudis Catalans.
• “pinso”, in Gran Diccionari de la Llengua Catalana, Grup Enciclopèdia Catalana, 2024
• “pinso” in Diccionari normatiu valencià, Acadèmia Valenciana de la Llengua.
• “pinso” in Diccionari català-valencià-balear, Antoni Maria Alcover and Francesc de Borja Moll, 1962.

From Proto-Italic *pinsō, from Proto-Indo-European *peys- (“to crush”).

Cognate includes Ancient Greek πτισάνη (ptisánē, “barley”), πτίσσω (ptíssō, “to winnow, peel”); Proto-Slavic *pьšenìca (“wheat”); Sanskrit पिनष्टि (pinaṣṭi, “to grind”). Compare pīla, pīlum.

• pindō (Late Latin, glosses)

• (Classical) IPA^(key): /ˈpin.soː/, [ˈpĩːs̠oː]
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): /ˈpin.so/, [ˈpinso]

pīnsō (present infinitive pīnsere, perfect active pīnsuī or pīnsī, supine pīnsum or pīnsitum or pī̆stum); third conjugation

1. to beat, pound
   • AD 4th C., Diomedes Grammaticus (author), Heinrich Keil (editor), Artis Grammaticae Liber I (1857), page 373:

     Sed apud veterēs reperīmus etiam n litterā additā pīnsō, quod est tundō, ut Ennius decimō Annālium pīnsunt terram genibus.

     But in the older authors we also find pīnsō with an added n, which is 'to beat', like Ennius in the tenth book of the Annals: they pound the dirt with their knees.

2. to lash, scourge
   • c. 206 BCE – 188 BCE, Plautus, Mercator 2.3.80:

     ea molet, coquet, cōnficiet pēnsum, pīnsētur flagrō

     She will grind, cook, spin wool, she'll be lashed by a whip […]

• pī̆stor
• pī̆stō

• pīla
• pīlum
• pīsō

Post-classical conjugation transfer of Etymology 1.

pīnsō (present infinitive pīnsāre, perfect active pīnsāvī, supine pīnsātum); first conjugation

1. (post-classical) Alternative form of pīnsō

• Aromanian: chisedz, chisari
• Galician: pisar
• Italian: pestare
• Portuguese: pisar
• Romanian: pisa, pisare, păsat
• Spanish: pisar
• English: pestle

• “pinso”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• pinso in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.