peng- -an

Indonesian

Etymology

Inherited from Malay peng- -an.

Pronunciation
  • IPA(key): /pəŋ an/

Circumfix

peng- -an

  1. the action expressed by the transitive verb [base]
    ‎terjemah (“to translate”) → ‎penerjemahan (“translation (process)”)
    ‎tulis (“to write”) → ‎penulisan (“writing”)
    ‎serah (“to hand over”) → ‎penyerahan (“surrendering”)
  2. the object of an action [base]
    ‎tahu (“to know”) → ‎pengetahuan (“knowledge”)
    ‎temu (“to meet, to encounter”) → ‎penemuan (“discovery”)
  3. the place of an action [base]
    ‎bakar (“to burn”) → ‎pembakaran (“burning place”)
    ‎cuci (“to wash”) → ‎pencucian (“laundry”)
    ‎giling (“to roll”) → ‎penggilingan (“mill”)

Derived terms
Indonesian terms circumfixed with peng- -an

References
  • Badan Pengembangan dan Pembinaan Bahasa (2017) Tata Bahasa Baku Bahasa Indonesia [Standard Grammar of Indonesian Language]‎ (in Indonesian), 4 edition, Jakarta: Kementerian Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan, →ISBN, archived from the original on 13 June 2022
  • James N. Sneddon (2010) Indonesian : a comprehensive grammar, 2 edition, London: Roultedge, →ISBN, →OCLC

Malay

Etymology

Combination of affixes peng- and -an.

Pronunciation
  • (before /l/, /m/, /n/, /ŋ/, /ɲ/, /r/, /w/, /j/) IPA(key): /pə an/
  • (before /b/, /p/, /f/) IPA(key): /pəm an/
  • (before /t͡ʃ/, /d/, /d͡ʒ/, /t/, /z/) IPA(key): /pən an/
  • (before /ɡ/, /h/, /k/, vowels) IPA(key): /pəŋ an/
  • (before /s/) IPA(key): /pəɲ an/
  • (before monosyllabic roots) IPA(key): /pəŋə an/

Circumfix

peng- -an (Jawi spelling ڤڠ- -ن)

  1. the action expressed by the transitive verb [base]
    ‎terjemah (“to translate”) → ‎penterjemahan (“translation (process)”)
    ‎tulis (“to write”) → ‎penulisan (“writing”)
    ‎serah (“to hand over”) → ‎penyerahan (“surrendering”)
  2. the object of an action [base]
    ‎tahu (“to know”) → ‎pengetahuan (“knowledge”)
    ‎temu (“to meet, to encounter”) → ‎penemuan (“discovery”)
  3. the place of an action [base]
    ‎gantung (“to hang”) → ‎penggantungan (“hanging place”)
    ‎cuci (“to wash”) → ‎pencucian (“laundry”)
    ‎darat (“land”) → ‎pendaratan (“landing place”)

Derived terms
Malay terms circumfixed with peng- -an

References
  • Karim, Nik Safiah, M. Onn, Farid, Haji Musa, Hashim, Mahmood, Abdul Hamid (2008) Tatabahasa Dewan‎ (in Malay), 3 edition, Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka, →ISBN, pages 121–126
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