patior

Latin

Alternative forms

Etymology

Apparently denominative from Proto-Indo-European *ph₁-tós, participle of *peh₁- (“to hurt”), though this morphology would be highly irregular.[1] Cognate with paene, paeniteō, pēnūria, Ancient Greek πῆμα (pêma), πηρός (pērós), Old English feond (“devil, enemy”) (English fiend), Gothic 𐍆𐌰𐌹𐌰𐌽 (faian, “to blame”), Proto-Slavic *patiti (“to suffer, to fare misfortune”).

An alternative theory derives the word from Proto-Indo-European *pet- (“to fly, fall”), with semantic shift "to befall" > "to experience" > "to suffer".[1]

Pronunciation

Verb

patior (present infinitive patī, perfect active passus sum); third conjugation iō-variant, deponent

  1. (transitive) to suffer, endure, tolerate
    Synonyms: tolerō, patiō, sufferō, subeō, perferō, perpetior, recipiō, accipiō, sinō, ferō, dūrō, sustineō, sustentō
    • 8 CE, Ovid, Fasti 1.157–158:
      tum patitur cultus ager et renovātur arātrō
      That is when the field endures cultivation, and is renewed by the plough.
      [Note: This verse by the poet Ovid can endure a more figurative translation or permit a more literal reading of the word patitur.]
  2. (transitive) to allow, acquiesce, permit, submit
    Synonyms: permittō, admittō
    Patere lēgem quam ipse fēcistī / tulistī.
    Submit to the law which you yourself made / proposed.
  3. (intransitive) to exist, live
    Pati sine regno
    To live without a king.

Conjugation
   Conjugation of patior (third conjugation iō-variant, deponent)
indicative singular plural
first second third first second third
active present patior pateris,
patere		 patitur patimur patiminī patiuntur
imperfect patiēbar patiēbāris,
patiēbāre		 patiēbātur patiēbāmur patiēbāminī patiēbantur
future patiar patiēris,
patiēre		 patiētur patiēmur patiēminī patientur
perfect passus + present active indicative of sum
pluperfect passus + imperfect active indicative of sum
future perfect passus + future active indicative of sum
subjunctive singular plural
first second third first second third
active present patiar patiāris,
patiāre		 patiātur patiāmur patiāminī patiantur
imperfect paterer paterēris,
paterēre		 paterētur paterēmur paterēminī paterentur
perfect passus + present active subjunctive of sum
pluperfect passus + imperfect active subjunctive of sum
imperative singular plural
first second third first second third
active present — patere — — patiminī —
future — patitor patitor — — patiuntor
non-finite forms active passive
present perfect future present perfect future
infinitives patī passum esse passūrum esse — — —
participles patiēns passus passūrus — — patiendus,
patiundus
verbal nouns gerund supine
genitive dative accusative ablative accusative ablative
patiendī patiendō patiendum patiendō passum passū

Derived terms

Descendants
  • Old French: pader
  • → Catalan: patir
  • → French: pâtir
  • → Occitan: patir
  • →? Serbo-Croatian: patiti

Reflexes of an assumed variant *patīre:

  • Balkan Romance:
  • Italo-Romance:
  • North Italian:
    • Istriot: padì
  • Gallo-Romance:
    • Occitan:
      Auvergnat: padir
      Vivaro-Alpine: [pådyi]
  • Ibero-Romance:
    • ⇒ Portuguese: padecer
    • Old Spanish: padir ⇒ padescer

References
  1. De Vaan, Michiel (2008) “patior”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 450

Further reading
  • “patior”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
  • “patior”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
  • patior in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
  • Carl Meißner, Henry William Auden (1894) Latin Phrase-Book‎, London: Macmillan and Co.
    • to suffer wrong: iniuriam ferre, pati
    • to grant a people its independence: populum liberum esse, libertate uti, sui iuris esse pati
    • (ambiguous) to extend in breadth, in length: in latitudinem, in longitudinem patere
    • (ambiguous) to have a wide extent: late patere (also metaphorically vid. sect. VIII. 8)
  • Sihler, Andrew L. (1995) New Comparative Grammar of Greek and Latin, Oxford, New York: Oxford University Press, →ISBN
  • Pokorny, Julius (1959) Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), Bern, München: Francke Verlag
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