marbh

Irish

Etymology

From Old Irish marb, from Proto-Celtic *marwos (“dead”) (compare Welsh marw), from Proto-Indo-European *mr̥wós (compare *mr̥tós), ultimately from the root *mer- (“to die”).

Pronunciation
  • (Munster) IPA(key): /ˈmˠɑɾˠəvˠ/
  • (Connacht) IPA(key): /ˈmˠarˠuː/
  • (Ulster) IPA(key): /ˈmˠarˠu/

Adjective

marbh (genitive singular masculine mairbh, genitive singular feminine mairbhe, plural marbha, comparative mairbhe)

  1. dead
    Tá m’athair féin marbh.
    My own father is dead.
  2. defunct

Declension
Declension of marbh
Singular Plural (m/f)
Positive Masculine Feminine (strong noun) (weak noun)
Nominative marbh mharbh marbha;
mharbha²
Vocative mhairbh marbha
Genitive mairbhe marbha marbh
Dative marbh;
mharbh¹		 mharbh;
mhairbh (archaic)		 marbha;
mharbha²
Comparative níos mairbhe
Superlative is mairbhe

¹ When the preceding noun is lenited and governed by the definite article.
² When the preceding noun ends in a slender consonant.

Derived terms

See also

Noun

marbh m (genitive singular mairbh, nominative plural mairbh)

  1. corpse, dead person
    Synonym: marbhán
  2. (in the plural) the dead

Declension
Declension of marbh

First declension

Bare forms:

Case Singular Plural
Nominative marbh mairbh
Vocative a mhairbh a mharbha
Genitive mairbh marbh
Dative marbh mairbh

Forms with the definite article:

Case Singular Plural
Nominative an marbh na mairbh
Genitive an mhairbh na marbh
Dative leis an marbh

don mharbh

 leis na mairbh

Mutation
Irish mutation
Radical Lenition Eclipsis
marbh mharbh not applicable
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs.

Further reading

Scottish Gaelic

Etymology

From Old Irish marb, from Proto-Celtic *marwos (“dead”) (compare Welsh marw), from Proto-Indo-European *mr̥wós (compare *mr̥tós), ultimately from the root *mer- (“to die”).

Pronunciation
  • IPA(key): /maɾav/

Adjective

marbh

  1. dead
  2. defunct

Synonyms

Verb

marbh (past mharbh, future marbhaidh, verbal noun marbhadh, past participle marbhta)

  1. kill, murder

Conjugation
Conjugation of marbh (regular)
singular plural impersonal
first second third m/f first second third
independent past mharbh mi mharbh thu mharbh e/i mharbh sinn mharbh sibh mharbh iad mharbhadh
future marbhaidh mi marbhaidh tu marbhaidh e/i marbhaidh sinn marbhaidh sibh marbhaidh iad marbhar
marbhtar
conditional mharbhainn mharbhadh tu mharbhadh e/i mharbhamaid
mharbhadh sinn		 mharbhadh sibh mharbhadh iad mharbhtadh
mharbhaist(e)1
negative past cha do mharbh mi cha do mharbh thu cha do mharbh e/i cha do mharbh sinn cha do mharbh sibh cha do mharbh iad cha do mharbhadh
future cha mharbh mi cha mharbh thu cha mharbh e/i cha mharbh sinn cha mharbh sibh cha mharbh iad cha mharbhar
cha mharbhtar
conditional cha mharbhainn cha mharbhadh tu cha mharbhadh e/i cha mharbhamaid
cha mharbhadh sinn		 cha mharbhadh sibh cha mharbhadh iad cha mharbhtadh
cha mharbhaist(e)1
affirmative
interrogative		 past an do mharbh mi? an do mharbh thu? an do mharbh e/i? an do mharbh sinn? an do mharbh sibh? an do mharbh iad? an do mharbhadh?
future am marbh mi? am marbh thu? am marbh e/i? am marbh sinn? am marbh sibh? am marbh iad? am marbhar?
am marbhtar?
conditional am marbhainn? am marbhadh tu? am marbhadh e/i? am marbhamaid?
am marbhadh sinn?		 am marbhadh sibh? am marbhadh iad? am marbhtadh?
am marbhaist(e)1?
negative
interrogative		 past nach do mharbh mi? nach do mharbh thu? nach do mharbh e/i? nach do mharbh sinn? nach do mharbh sibh? nach do mharbh iad? nach do mharbhadh?
future nach marbh mi? nach marbh thu? nach marbh e/i? nach marbh sinn? nach marbh sibh? nach marbh iad? nach marbhar?
nach marbhtar?
conditional nach marbhainn? nach marbhadh tu? nach marbhadh e/i? nach marbhamaid?
nach marbhadh sinn?		 nach marbhadh sibh? nach marbhadh iad? nach marbhtadh?
nach marbhaist(e)1?
relative
future		 affirmative (ma) mharbhas mi (ma) mharbhas thu (ma) mharbhas e/i (ma) mharbhas sinn (ma) mharbhas sibh (ma) mharbhas iad (ma) mharbhar
negative (mur) marbh mi (mur) marbh thu (mur) marbh e/i (mur) marbh sinn (mur) marbh sibh (mur) marbh iad (mur) marbhar
(mur) marbhtar
imperative marbham marbh marbhadh e/i marbhamaid marbhaibh marbhadh iad marbhar
marbhtar
stem marbh
verbal noun marbhadh
past participle marbhta
1 Lewis dialect form

Noun

marbh m (genitive singular mairbh, plural mairbh)

  1. dead, stillness, quiet
  2. dead person, corpse

Mutation
Scottish Gaelic mutation
Radical Lenition
marbhmharbh
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs.

See also

References
  • Edward Dwelly (1911) “marbh”, in Faclair Gàidhlig gu Beurla le Dealbhan [The Illustrated Gaelic–English Dictionary]‎, 10th edition, Edinburgh: Birlinn Limited, →ISBN
  • G. Toner, M. Ní Mhaonaigh, S. Arbuthnot, D. Wodtko, M.-L. Theuerkauf, editors (2019), “marb”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
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