kovati
Old Czech
Etymology
Inherited from Proto-Slavic *kovati.
Conjugation
Conjugation of kovati (class V)
| infinitive | supine | verbal noun |
|---|---|---|
| kovati | kovat | kovánie |
| Present | Imperative | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Singular | Dual | Plural | Singular | Dual | Plural | |
| 1st person | kuju | kujevě (-va) | kujem (-me/-my) | – | kujvě (-va) | kujme (-my) |
| 2nd person | kuješ | kujeta | kujete | kuj | kujta | kujte |
| 3rd person | kuje | kujeta | kujú | kuj | kujta | kujte |
| Sigmatic aorist | Imperfect | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Singular | Dual | Plural | Singular | Dual | Plural | |
| 1st person | kovach | kovachově (-va) | kovachom (-me/-my) | kovách, kujiech | kováchově, kujiechově (-va) | kováchom, kujiechom (-me/-my) |
| 2nd person | kova | kovasta (-šta) | kovaste (-šte) | kováše, kujieše | kovášta, kujiešta (-sta) | kovášte, kujiešte (-ste) |
| 3rd person | kova | kovasta (-šta) | kovachu | kováše, kujieše | kovášta, kujiešta (-sta) | kováchu, kujiechu |
| L-participle | Passive participle | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Singular | Dual | Plural | Singular | Dual | Plural | |
| Masculine | koval | kovala | kovali | kován | kována | kováni |
| Feminine | kovala | kovale | kovaly | kována | kováně | kovány |
| Neuter | kovalo | kovale | kovala | kováno | kováně | kována |
| Nt-participle | S-participle | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Singular | Dual | Plural | Singular | Dual | Plural | |
| Masculine | kujě | kujúce | kovav | kovavše | ||
| Feminine | kujúci | kovavši | ||||
| Neuter | kujě, kujúci | kovav, kovavši | ||||
Note: This table shows the most common forms of kovati around the 13th/14th century. See also Appendix:Old Czech verbs and Appendix:Old Czech pronunciation.
Further reading
- Jan Gebauer (1903–1916) “kovati”, in Slovník staročeský (in Czech), Prague: Česká grafická společnost "unie", Česká akademie císaře Františka Josefa pro vědy, slovesnost a umění
Serbo-Croatian
Etymology
Inherited from Proto-Slavic *kovati, analogical form of *kuti.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /kǒʋati/
- Hyphenation: ko‧va‧ti
Verb
kòvati impf (Cyrillic spelling ко̀вати)
Conjugation
Conjugation of kovati
| Infinitive: kovati | Present verbal adverb: kȕjūći | Past verbal adverb: — | Verbal noun: kòvānje | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Number | Singular | Plural | |||||
| Person | 1st | 2nd | 3rd | 1st | 2nd | 3rd | |
| Verbal forms | ja | ti | on / ona / ono | mi | vi | oni / one / ona | |
| Present | kujem | kuješ | kuje | kujemo | kujete | kuju | |
| Future | Future I | kovat ću1 kovaću |
kovat ćeš1 kovaćeš |
kovat će1 kovaće |
kovat ćemo1 kovaćemo |
kovat ćete1 kovaćete |
kovat će1 kovaće |
| Future II | bȕdēm kovao2 | bȕdēš kovao2 | bȕdē kovao2 | bȕdēmo kovali2 | bȕdēte kovali2 | bȕdū kovali2 | |
| Past | Perfect | kovao sam2 | kovao si2 | kovao je2 | kovali smo2 | kovali ste2 | kovali su2 |
| Pluperfect3 | bȉo sam kovao2 | bȉo si kovao2 | bȉo je kovao2 | bíli smo kovali2 | bíli ste kovali2 | bíli su kovali2 | |
| Imperfect | kovah | kovaše | kovaše | kovasmo | kovaste | kovahu | |
| Conditional I | kovao bih2 | kovao bi2 | kovao bi2 | kovali bismo2 | kovali biste2 | kovali bi2 | |
| Conditional II4 | bȉo bih kovao2 | bȉo bi kovao2 | bȉo bi kovao2 | bíli bismo kovali2 | bíli biste kovali2 | bíli bi kovali2 | |
| Imperative | — | kuj | — | kujmo | kujte | — | |
| Active past participle | kovao m / kovala f / kovalo n | kovali m / kovale f / kovala n | |||||
| Passive past participle | kovan m / kovana f / kovano n | kovani m / kovane f / kovana n | |||||
| 1 Croatian spelling: others omit the infinitive suffix completely and bind the clitic. 2 For masculine nouns; a feminine or neuter agent would use the feminine and neuter gender forms of the active past participle and auxiliary verb, respectively. 3 Often replaced by the past perfect in colloquial speech, i.e. the auxiliary verb biti (to be) is routinely dropped. 4 Often replaced by the conditional I in colloquial speech, i.e. the auxiliary verb biti (to be) is routinely dropped.
| |||||||
Derived terms
Related terms
Slovene
Etymology
From Proto-Slavic *kovati, analogical form of *kuti.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /kɔʋàːti/
Inflection
| -ovati -ujem (AP c) | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| infinitive | kováti | |||||
| 1st singular | kújem | |||||
| infinitive | kováti | kovȁt | ||||
| supine | kovȃt | |||||
| verbal noun | kovȃnje | |||||
| participle | converb | |||||
| present | kujọ̄č | kovȃje | ||||
| past | kován | — | ||||
| l-participle | masculine | feminine | neuter | |||
| singular | kovȃł | kovála | kovȃlo | |||
| dual | kovȃla | kovȃli | kovȃli | |||
| plural | kovȃli | kovȃle | kovȃla | |||
| present | imperative | |||||
| 1st singular | kújem | — | ||||
| 2nd singular | kúješ | kūj | ||||
| 3rd singular | kúje | — | ||||
| 1st dual | kújeva | kȗjva | ||||
| 2nd dual | kújeta | kȗjta | ||||
| 3rd dual | kújeta | — | ||||
| 1st plural | kújemo | kȗjmo | ||||
| 2nd plural | kújete | kȗjte | ||||
| 3rd plural | kújejo | — | ||||
Further reading
- “kovati”, in Slovarji Inštituta za slovenski jezik Frana Ramovša ZRC SAZU, portal Fran
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