kosa

Czech

Pronunciation
  • IPA(key): [ˈkosa]
  • Hyphenation: ko‧sa

Etymology 1

Inherited from Old Czech kosa, from Proto-Slavic *kosa.

Noun

kosa f

  1. scythe
  2. (colloquial) cold temperature
    Synonyms: kláda, zima, mráz
    Antonyms: hic, vedro, horko
Declension
Declension of kosa (hard feminine)
singular plural
nominative kosa kosy
genitive kosy kos
dative kose kosám
accusative kosu kosy
vocative koso kosy
locative kose kosách
instrumental kosou kosami

Etymology 2

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

Noun

kosa m anim

  1. genitive/accusative singular of kos

Further reading
  • kosa in Příruční slovník jazyka českého, 1935–1957
  • kosa in Slovník spisovného jazyka českého, 1960–1971, 1989
  • kosa in Internetová jazyková příručka

Esperanto

Etymology

From koso +‎ -a.

Pronunciation
  • IPA(key): [ˈkosa]
  • Rhymes: -osa
  • Hyphenation: ko‧sa

Adjective

kosa (accusative singular kosan, plural kosaj, accusative plural kosajn)

  1. Xhosan
  2. (la kosa) Clipping of la kosa lingvo (“the Xhosa language”).

Guinea-Bissau Creole

Etymology

From Portuguese coçar. Cognate with Kabuverdianu kosa.

Verb

kosa

  1. to scratch

Ingrian

Alternative forms

Etymology

Borrowed from Russian коса (kosa).

Pronunciation
  • (Ala-Laukaa) IPA(key): /ˈkosɑ/, [ˈko̞s̠ɑ]
  • (Soikkola) IPA(key): /ˈkosɑ/, [ˈko̞ʒ̥ɑ]
  • Rhymes: -osɑ
  • Hyphenation: ko‧sa

Noun

kosa

  1. Only used in peräkosa

Declension
Declension of kosa (type 3/koira, no gradation, gemination)
singular plural
nominative kosa kosat
genitive kosan kossiin
partitive kossaa kossia
illative kossaa kossii
inessive kosas kosis
elative kosast kosist
allative kosalle kosille
adessive kosal kosil
ablative kosalt kosilt
translative kosaks kosiks
essive kosanna, kossaan kosinna, kossiin
exessive1) kosant kosint
1) obsolete
*) the accusative corresponds with either the genitive (sg) or nominative (pl)
**) the comitative is formed by adding the suffix -ka? or -kä? to the genitive.

References
  • Ruben E. Nirvi (1971) Inkeroismurteiden Sanakirja, Helsinki: Suomalais-Ugrilainen Seura, page 198

Kabuverdianu

Etymology

From Portuguese coçar.

Verb

kosa

  1. to scratch

Ladino

Noun

kosa f (Latin spelling)

  1. thing

Latvian

Noun

kosa f (4th declension)

  1. horsetail

Lingala

Verb

-kosa (infinitive kokosa)

  1. to scrape, to scratch
  2. to itch
  3. to rub

See also

Lower Sorbian

Noun

kosa f inan

  1. Superseded spelling of kósa.

Noun

kosa

  1. Superseded spelling of kósa.

Norwegian Bokmål

Alternative forms

Verb

kosa

  1. inflection of kose:
    1. simple past
    2. past participle

Norwegian Nynorsk

Alternative forms

Etymology

From German liebkosen, kosen.

Pronunciation
  • IPA(key): /kuːsa/

Verb

kosa (present tense kosar/koser, past tense kosa/koste, past participle kosa/kost, passive infinitive kosast, present participle kosande, imperative kosa/kos)

  1. (takes pronoun in objective case) to enjoy
    No kosar me oss.
    We are enjoying ourselves now.
  2. to snuggle

References

Pali

Alternative forms
Alternative forms
  • 𑀓𑁄𑀲 (Brahmi script)
  • कोस (Devanagari script)
  • কোস (Bengali script)
  • කොස (Sinhalese script)
  • ကောသ or ၵေႃသ (Burmese script)
  • โกส or โกสะ (Thai script)
  • ᨠᩮᩣᩈ (Tai Tham script)
  • ໂກສ or ໂກສະ (Lao script)
  • កោស (Khmer script)
  • 𑄇𑄮𑄥 (Chakma script)

Etymology

Inherited from Sanskrit कोश (kośa, “container”).

Noun

kosa m or n

  1. container, wrapper
    1. storehouse, storeroom
    2. sheath
    3. foreskin

Declension

As a masculine noun, the declension is:

Declension table of "kosa" (masculine)
Case \ NumberSingularPlural
Nominative (first)kosokosā
Accusative (second)kosaṃkose
Instrumental (third)kosenakosehi or kosebhi
Dative (fourth)kosassa or kosāya or kosatthaṃkosānaṃ
Ablative (fifth)kosasmā or kosamhā or kosākosehi or kosebhi
Genitive (sixth)kosassakosānaṃ
Locative (seventh)kosasmiṃ or kosamhi or kosekosesu
Vocative (calling)kosakosā

As a neuter noun, the nominative, vocative and accusative have a different set of forms:

Declension table of "kosa" (neuter)
Case \ NumberSingularPlural
Nominative (first)kosaṃkosāni
Accusative (second)kosaṃkosāni
Vocative (calling)kosakosāni

References

Pali Text Society (1921–1925) “kosa”, in Pali-English Dictionary‎, London: Chipstead

Polish

Pronunciation
  • IPA(key): /ˈkɔ.sa/
  • Audio(file)
  • Rhymes: -ɔsa
  • Syllabification: ko‧sa
  • Homophone: Kosa

Etymology 1

Inherited from Old Polish kosa, from Proto-Slavic *kosa.

Noun

kosa f

  1. scythe
  2. (dated) braid
  3. (geography) spit that extends into the deep sea, instead of closing off a lagoon
    Synonym: szpyrk
  4. (slang) knife, shank
  5. (slang) beef, grudge
    Mieć z kimś kosę
    Have a beef with someone
Usage notes

Examples of landforms in sense #3 are the Farewell Spit in New Zealand and the Hel Peninsula in Poland.

Declension
Declension of kosa
singular plural
nominative kosa kosy
genitive kosy kos
dative kosie kosom
accusative kosę kosy
instrumental kosą kosami
locative kosie kosach
vocative koso kosy
nouns
verb
See also

Etymology 2

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

Noun

kosa m animal

  1. genitive/accusative singular of kos

Adjective

kosa

  1. feminine nominative/vocative singular of kosy

References

    Further reading
    • kosa in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
    • kosa in Polish dictionaries at PWN

    Serbo-Croatian

    Etymology 1

    Inherited from Proto-Slavic *kosa.

    Pronunciation
    • IPA(key): /kǒsa/
    • Hyphenation: ko‧sa

    Noun

    kòsa f (Cyrillic spelling ко̀са)

    1. hair (of a person, on the head)
    Declension
    Declension of kosa
    singular plural
    nominative kòsa kȍse
    genitive kose kosa
    dative kosi kosama
    accusative kosu kose
    vocative koso kose
    locative kosi kosama
    instrumental kosom kosama
    See also

    Etymology 2

    Inherited from Proto-Slavic *kosa.

    Pronunciation
    • IPA(key): /kǒsa/
    • Hyphenation: ko‧sa

    Noun

    kòsa f (Cyrillic spelling ко̀са)

    1. scythe
    Declension
    Declension of kosa
    singular plural
    nominative kosa kose
    genitive kose kosa
    dative kosi kosama
    accusative kosu kose
    vocative koso kose
    locative kosi kosama
    instrumental kosom kosama

    Etymology 3

    From kȏs.

    Pronunciation
    • IPA(key): /kǒsa/
    • Hyphenation: ko‧sa

    Noun

    kòsa f (Cyrillic spelling ко̀са)

    1. slope, declivity
    2. a mountain spur; a smaller ridge branching off from a mountain range
    Declension
    Declension of kosa
    singular plural
    nominative kosa kose
    genitive kose kosa
    dative kosi kosama
    accusative kosu kose
    vocative koso kose
    locative kosi kosama
    instrumental kosom kosama

    Etymology 4

    See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

    Adjective

    kosa

    1. inflection of kos:
      1. feminine nominative/vocative singular
      2. indefinite masculine/neuter genitive singular
      3. indefinite animate masculine accusative singular
      4. neuter nominative/accusative/vocative plural

    Noun

    kosa (Cyrillic spelling коса)

    1. genitive/accusative singular of kos

    References
    • “kosa” in Hrvatski jezični portal
    • “kosa” in Hrvatski jezični portal
    • “kosa” in Hrvatski jezični portal
    • Čolović, Gvozden R. (1969) Vojna topografija, Beograd: Vojnogeografski institut

    Slovak

    Etymology

    Inherited from Proto-Slavic *kosa.

    Pronunciation
    • IPA(key): /ˈkɔsa/

    Noun

    kosa f (genitive singular kosy, nominative plural kosy, genitive plural kôs, declension pattern of žena)

    1. scythe
    2. (slang) cold, low temperature

    Declension
    Declension of kosa
    singular plural
    nominative kosa kosy
    genitive kosy kôs
    dative kose kosám
    accusative kosu kosy
    locative kose kosách
    instrumental kosou kosami

    Derived terms

    Further reading
    • “kosa”, in Slovníkový portál Jazykovedného ústavu Ľ. Štúra SAV [Dictionary portal of the Ľ. Štúr Institute of Linguistics, Slovak Academy of Science] (in Slovak), https://slovnik.juls.savba.sk, 2024

    Swahili

    Pronunciation
    • Audio (Kenya)(file)

    Noun

    kosa (ma class, plural makosa)

    1. fault

    Verb

    -kosa (infinitive kukosa)

    1. to do wrong
    2. to lack, be deficient (in)

    Conjugation
    Conjugation of -kosa
    Positive present -nakosa
    Subjunctive -kose
    Negative -kosi
    Imperative singular kosa
    Infinitives
    Positive kukosa
    Negative kutokosa
    Imperatives
    Singular kosa
    Plural koseni
    Tensed forms
    Habitual hukosa
    Positive past positive subject concord + -likosa
    Negative past negative subject concord + -kukosa
    Positive present (positive subject concord + -nakosa)
    Singular Plural
    1st person ninakosa/nakosa tunakosa
    2nd person unakosa mnakosa
    3rd person m-wa(I/II) anakosa wanakosa
    other classes positive subject concord + -nakosa
    Negative present (negative subject concord + -kosi)
    Singular Plural
    1st person sikosi hatukosi
    2nd person hukosi hamkosi
    3rd person m-wa(I/II) hakosi hawakosi
    other classes negative subject concord + -kosi
    Positive future positive subject concord + -takosa
    Negative future negative subject concord + -takosa
    Positive subjunctive (positive subject concord + -kose)
    Singular Plural
    1st person nikose tukose
    2nd person ukose mkose
    3rd person m-wa(I/II) akose wakose
    other classes positive subject concord + -kose
    Negative subjunctive positive subject concord + -sikose
    Positive present conditional positive subject concord + -ngekosa
    Negative present conditional positive subject concord + -singekosa
    Positive past conditional positive subject concord + -ngalikosa
    Negative past conditional positive subject concord + -singalikosa
    Gnomic (positive subject concord + -akosa)
    Singular Plural
    1st person nakosa twakosa
    2nd person wakosa mwakosa
    3rd person m-wa(I/II) akosa wakosa
    m-mi(III/IV) wakosa yakosa
    ji-ma(V/VI) lakosa yakosa
    ki-vi(VII/VIII) chakosa vyakosa
    n(IX/X) yakosa zakosa
    u(XI) wakosa see n(X) or ma(VI) class
    ku(XV/XVII) kwakosa
    pa(XVI) pakosa
    mu(XVIII) mwakosa
    Perfect positive subject concord + -mekosa
    "Already" positive subject concord + -meshakosa
    "Not yet" negative subject concord + -jakosa
    "If/When" positive subject concord + -kikosa
    "If not" positive subject concord + -sipokosa
    Consecutive kakosa / positive subject concord + -kakosa
    Consecutive subjunctive positive subject concord + -kakose
    Object concord (indicative positive)
    Singular Plural
    1st person -nikosa -tukosa
    2nd person -kukosa -wakosa/-kukoseni/-wakoseni
    3rd person m-wa(I/II) -mkosa -wakosa
    m-mi(III/IV) -ukosa -ikosa
    ji-ma(V/VI) -likosa -yakosa
    ki-vi(VII/VIII) -kikosa -vikosa
    n(IX/X) -ikosa -zikosa
    u(XI) -ukosa see n(X) or ma(VI) class
    ku(XV/XVII) -kukosa
    pa(XVI) -pakosa
    mu(XVIII) -mukosa
    Reflexive -jikosa
    Relative forms
    General positive (positive subject concord + (object concord) + -kosa- + relative marker)
    Singular Plural
    m-wa(I/II) -kosaye -kosao
    m-mi(III/IV) -kosao -kosayo
    ji-ma(V/VI) -kosalo -kosayo
    ki-vi(VII/VIII) -kosacho -kosavyo
    n(IX/X) -kosayo -kosazo
    u(XI) -kosao see n(X) or ma(VI) class
    ku(XV/XVII) -kosako
    pa(XVI) -kosapo
    mu(XVIII) -kosamo
    Other forms (subject concord + tense marker + relative marker + (object concord) + -kosa)
    Singular Plural
    m-wa(I/II) -yekosa -okosa
    m-mi(III/IV) -okosa -yokosa
    ji-ma(V/VI) -lokosa -yokosa
    ki-vi(VII/VIII) -chokosa -vyokosa
    n(IX/X) -yokosa -zokosa
    u(XI) -okosa see n(X) or ma(VI) class
    ku(XV/XVII) -kokosa
    pa(XVI) -pokosa
    mu(XVIII) -mokosa
    Some forms not commonly seen in modern Standard Swahili are absent from the table. See Appendix:Swahili verbs for more information.

    Derived terms
    • Nominal derivations:

    Swedish

    Etymology

    From French course, similar to Dutch koers.

    Noun

    kosa c

    1. (in some expressions) course
      Jag styrde kosan mot baren
      I steered the course towards the bar (journeyed towards the bar)

    Declension
    Declension of kosa 
    Singular Plural
    Indefinite Definite Indefinite Definite
    Nominative kosa kosan kosor kosorna
    Genitive kosas kosans kosors kosornas

    See also

    References
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