jwj

Egyptian

Pronunciation
 
  • (reconstructed) IPA(key): /ˈjiːwit/ → /ˈjiːjiʔ/ → /ˈʔiːʔə/ → /ʔiːʔ/

Verb
D54w

 anom.

  1. (intransitive) to arrive, to come to a certain place (+ r or n: to (a place, person, thing, etc.); + ḫr: to (someone of higher status); + m: from (a place), into (something), by means of (a vehicle), as (a role); + ḥr: to, upon (something), from, for the sake of; + m-dj: from (someone))
  2. (intransitive) to come here, to move from further to nearby
  3. (intransitive) to return, to come back
    D54wmHtp
    t p
    jwj m ḥtp
    to return safely or fortunately, to come (back) in peace
  4. (intransitive, of future events, time, abstractions, etc.) to come to pass or come to be, to come, to arrive
  5. (intransitive, with r and following infinitive) to come (to do something)
Usage notes

By Middle Egyptian, this verb and its synonym jj were apparently conflated into one, with some inflections of the verb using one stem and some using the other.

Inflection
Conjugation of jwj (anomalous / anom.) — base stem: j, jj, jw, geminated stem: jw, jww
infinitival forms imperative
infinitive negatival complement complementary infinitive1 singular plural
jt, jjt, jwt
 jw
 jwt
 mj, jj, jw
 mj, my, jj, jw
‘pseudoverbal’ forms
stative stem periphrastic imperfective2 periphrastic prospective2
jj5, jw5
 ḥr jt, ḥr jjt, ḥr jwt
 m jt, m jjt, m jwt
 r jt, r jjt, r jwt
suffix conjugation
aspect / mood active contingent
aspect / mood active
perfect jj.n, jw.n
 consecutive jw.jn, jj.jn
terminative jt, jyt, jjt, jwt
perfective3 jw, jj
 obligative1 jw.ḫr
imperfective jw, jj, jy
prospective3 jw, jwy
 potentialis1 jw.kꜣ
subjunctive jwt
verbal adjectives
aspect / mood relative (incl. nominal / emphatic) forms participles
active active passive
perfect j.n, jj.n
 — —
perfective j
 jj, jy
 —
imperfective jw, jww, jyw
 jwy
 —
prospective —
 jwtj4, jwt4
  1. Used in Old Egyptian; archaic by Middle Egyptian.
  2. Used mostly since Middle Egyptian.
  3. Archaic or greatly restricted in usage by Middle Egyptian. The perfect has mostly taken over the functions of the perfective, and the subjunctive and periphrastic prospective have mostly replaced the prospective.
  4. Declines using third-person suffix pronouns instead of adjectival endings: masculine .f/.fj, feminine .s/.sj, dual .sn/.snj, plural .sn.
  5. Third-person masculine statives of this verb often have a final -y instead of the expected stative ending.
Alternative forms
Alternative hieroglyphic writings of jwj  
D54W
D54
iD54w
D54WD54
E17
jwj jwj jwj jwj jwj
[Old Kingdom] [New Kingdom] [Greco-Roman Period]
in hieratic
Derived terms

See also

Etymology 2

Compare jw (“to sever, to cut off”).

Pronunciation

Verb
E9wP1

 3ae inf.

  1. (transitive) to leave boatless, to maroon, to strand
  2. (transitive, with r) to bar from, to exclude from (a boat) [22nd Dynasty]
  3. (intransitive) to be(come) boatless, stranded
Inflection
Conjugation of jwj (third weak / 3ae inf. / III. inf.) — base stem: jw
infinitival forms imperative
infinitive negatival complement complementary infinitive1 singular plural
jwt, jwj
 jww, jw
 jwt, jwwt, jwyt
 jw
 jw, jwy
‘pseudoverbal’ forms
stative stem periphrastic imperfective2 periphrastic prospective2
jw8
 ḥr jwt, ḥr jwj
 m jwt, m jwj
 r jwt, r jwj
suffix conjugation
aspect / mood active passive contingent
aspect / mood active passive
perfect jw.n
 jww, jw, jwy
 consecutive jw.jn
 active + .tj1, .tw2
active + .tj1, .tw2
terminative jwt, jwyt
perfective3 jw
 active + .tj1, .tw2
 obligative1 jw.ḫr
 active + .tj1, .tw2
imperfective jw, jwy
 active + .tj1, .tw2
prospective3 jww, jw, jwy
 jww, jw, jwy
 potentialis1 jw.kꜣ
 active + .tj1, .tw2
active + .tj1, .tw2
subjunctive jw, jwy
 active + .tj1, .tw2
verbal adjectives
aspect / mood relative (incl. nominal / emphatic) forms participles
active passive active passive
perfect jw.n
 active + .tj1, .tw2
 — —
perfective jww1, jwy, jw
 active + .tj1, .tw2
 jw
 jwy, jw
imperfective jw, jwy, jww5
 active + .tj1, .tw2
 jw, jwj6, jwy6
 jw, jww5
prospective jww1, jwy, jw, jwtj7
 — jwwtj1 4, jwtj4, jwt4
  1. Used in Old Egyptian; archaic by Middle Egyptian.
  2. Used mostly since Middle Egyptian.
  3. Archaic or greatly restricted in usage by Middle Egyptian. The perfect has mostly taken over the functions of the perfective, and the subjunctive and periphrastic prospective have mostly replaced the prospective.
  4. Declines using third-person suffix pronouns instead of adjectival endings: masculine .f/.fj, feminine .s/.sj, dual .sn/.snj, plural .sn.
  5. Only in the masculine singular.
  6. Only in the masculine.
  7. Only in the feminine.
  8. Third-person masculine statives of this class often have a final -y instead of the expected stative ending.
Alternative forms
Alternative hieroglyphic writings of jwj  
iE9wP1i
iwN18ii
iwiiP1
E9wP1
E9P1
E9wZ9
E9
W		 P1
jwj jwy jwy jwj jwj jwj jwj
[Old Kingdom] [Old Kingdom] [Old Kingdom] [since the Middle Kingdom] [since the Middle Kingdom] [Middle Kingdom] [22nd Dynasty]

References
  • “jwi̯ (lemma ID 21930)”, in Thesaurus Linguae Aegyptiae‎, Corpus issue 17, Web app version 2.01 edition, Tonio Sebastian Richter & Daniel A. Werning by order of the Berlin-Brandenburgische Akademie der Wissenschaften and Hans-Werner Fischer-Elfert & Peter Dils by order of the Sächsische Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Leipzig, 2004–15 December 2022
  • “jwi̯ (lemma ID 856211)”, in Thesaurus Linguae Aegyptiae‎, Corpus issue 17, Web app version 2.01 edition, Tonio Sebastian Richter & Daniel A. Werning by order of the Berlin-Brandenburgische Akademie der Wissenschaften and Hans-Werner Fischer-Elfert & Peter Dils by order of the Sächsische Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Leipzig, 2004–15 December 2022
  • Erman, Adolf, Grapow, Hermann (1926) Wörterbuch der ägyptischen Sprache‎, volume 1, Berlin: Akademie-Verlag, →ISBN, pages 44.1–45.6, 47.14–47.15
  • Faulkner, Raymond Oliver (1962) A Concise Dictionary of Middle Egyptian, Oxford: Griffith Institute, →ISBN, pages 11–12
  • James P[eter] Allen (2010) Middle Egyptian: An Introduction to the Language and Culture of Hieroglyphs, 2nd edition, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, pages 159, 276, 455.
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