iaigh
Irish
Etymology
From Old Irish íadaid,[2] from Proto-Celtic *eɸidāti, a prefixed derivative of *dāti (“to give”).[3][4] Cognate with Scottish Gaelic iadh.
Verb
iaigh (present analytic iann, future analytic iafaidh, verbal noun iamh, past participle iata)
- (transitive, intransitive) to close, shut
- Synonym: dún
- Bhí na súile ag iamh orm.
- I could not keep my eyes open.
- (literally, “The eyes were closing on me.”)
- (transitive) to enclose, encompass
- (transitive, intransitive) to block up, close up, dam
- (transitive, intransitive) to join [+ le (object) = with]
- (transitive) to clench (close tightly) (one's fist)
Conjugation
conjugation of iaigh (first conjugation – C)
singular | plural | relative | autonomous | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
first | second | third | first | second | third | ||||
indicative | present | iaim | iann tú; iair† |
iann sé, sí | iaimid | iann sibh | iann siad; iaid† |
a iann; a ias / a n-iann*; a n-ias* |
iaitear |
past | d'iaigh mé; d'ias / iaigh mé‡; ias‡ |
d'iaigh tú; d'iais / iaigh tú‡; iais‡ |
d'iaigh sé, sí / iaigh sé, sí‡ |
d'iamar; d'iaigh muid / iamar‡; iaigh muid‡ |
d'iaigh sibh; d'iabhair / iaigh sibh‡; iabhair‡ |
d'iaigh siad; d'iadar / iaigh siad‡; iadar‡ |
a d'iaigh / ar iaigh* |
iadh; hiadh† | |
past habitual | d'iainn / iainn‡; n-iainn‡‡ |
d'iaiteá / iaiteá‡; n-iaiteᇇ |
d'iadh sé, sí / iadh sé, sí‡; n-iadh sé, s퇇 |
d'iaimis; d'iadh muid / iaimis; iadh muid‡; n-iaimis‡‡; n-iadh muid‡‡ |
d'iadh sibh / iadh sibh‡; n-iadh sibh‡‡ |
d'iaidís; d'iadh siad / iaidís; iadh siad‡; n-iaidís‡‡; n-iadh siad‡‡ |
a d'iadh / a n-iadh* |
d'iaití / iaití‡; n-iait퇇 | |
future | iafaidh mé; iafad |
iafaidh tú; iafair† |
iafaidh sé, sí | iafaimid; iafaidh muid |
iafaidh sibh | iafaidh siad; iafaid† |
a iafaidh; a iafas / a n-iafaidh*; a n-iafas* |
iafar | |
conditional | d'iafainn / iafainn‡; n-iafainn‡‡ | d'iafá / iafá‡; n-iafᇇ | d'iafadh sé, sí / iafadh sé, sí‡; n-iafadh sé, s퇇 | d'iafaimis; d'iafadh muid / iafaimis‡; iafadh muid‡; n-iafaimis‡‡; n-iafadh muid‡‡ | d'iafadh sibh / iafadh sibh‡; n-iafadh sibh‡‡ | d'iafaidís; d'iafadh siad / iafaidís‡; iafadh siad‡; n-iafaidís‡‡; n-iafadh siad‡‡ | a d'iafadh / a n-iafadh* |
d'iafaí / iafaí‡; n-iafa퇇 | |
subjunctive | present | go n-ia mé; go n-iad† |
go n-ia tú; go n-iair† |
go n-ia sé, sí | go n-iaimid; go n-ia muid |
go n-ia sibh | go n-ia siad; go n-iaid† |
— | go n-iaitear |
past | dá n-iainn | dá n-iaiteá | dá n-iadh sé, sí | dá n-iaimis; dá n-iadh muid |
dá n-iadh sibh | dá n-iaidís; dá n-iadh siad |
— | dá n-iaití | |
imperative | iaim | iaigh | iadh sé, sí | iaimis | iaigí; iaidh† |
iaidís | — | iaitear | |
verbal noun | iamh | ||||||||
past participle | iata |
* indirect relative
† archaic or dialect form
‡dependent form
‡‡ dependent form used with particles that trigger eclipsis (except an)
Mutation
Irish mutation | |||
---|---|---|---|
Radical | Eclipsis | with h-prothesis | with t-prothesis |
iaigh | n-iaigh | hiaigh | not applicable |
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs. |
References
- “iaigh”, in Historical Irish Corpus, 1600–1926, Royal Irish Academy
- G. Toner, M. Ní Mhaonaigh, S. Arbuthnot, D. Wodtko, M.-L. Theuerkauf, editors (2019), “íadaid”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
- Matasović, Ranko (2009) “*efirom”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, pages 113-114
- Gordon, Randall Clark (2012) Derivational Morphology of the Early Irish Verbal Noun, Los Angeles: University of California, § 3.1.36, pages 191–92
Further reading
- Ó Dónaill, Niall (1977) “iaigh”, in Foclóir Gaeilge–Béarla, Dublin: An Gúm, →ISBN
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