gwrando

Welsh

Etymology

From gwar- (“super-”) +‎ andaw (“listen”),[1] either from (or equivalent to) an- (“intensive prefix”) +‎ taw (“silence”)[2] or by metathesis from Middle Welsh *adnaw (“attend to”)[3] cognate with Latin navus (“active, busy”).

Pronunciation
  • (North Wales) IPA(key): /ˈɡwrandɔ/
  • (South Wales, standard, colloquial) IPA(key): /ˈɡwrandɔ/
    • (South Wales, colloquial) IPA(key): /ˈɡrandɔ/, /ˈɡrɪndɔ/
  • Rhymes: -andɔ

Verb

gwrando (first-person singular present gwrandawaf)

  1. to listen
    Dw i’n gwrando ar y radio.
    I’m listening to the radio.

Conjugation
Conjugation (literary)
singular plural impersonal
first second third first second third
present indicative/future gwrandawaf gwarandewi gwrendy gwrandawn gwarandewch gwrandawant gwarandewir
imperfect (indicative/subjunctive)/conditional gwrandawn gwrandawit gwrandawai gwrandawem gwrandawech gwrandawent gwarandewid
preterite gwarandewais gwarandewaist gwrandawodd gwrandawsom gwrandawsoch gwrandawsant gwrandawyd
pluperfect gwrandawswn gwrandawsit gwrandawsai gwrandawsem gwrandawsech gwrandawsent gwrandawsid, gwarandewsid
present subjunctive gwrandawyf gwarandewych gwrandawo gwrandawom gwrandawoch gwrandawont gwrandawer
imperative — gwrando gwrandawed gwrandawn gwarandewch gwrandawent gwrandawer
verbal noun gwrando
verbal adjectives gwrandawedig
gwrandawadwy
Conjugation (colloquial)
Inflected colloquial forms singular plural
first second third first second third
future gwrandawa i, gwrandawaf i gwrandawi di gwrandawith o/e/hi, gwrandawiff e/hi gwrandawn ni gwrandewch chi gwrandawan nhw
conditional gwrandawn i, gwrandawswn i gwrandawet ti, gwrandawset ti gwrandawai fo/fe/hi, gwrandawsai fo/fe/hi gwrandawen ni, gwrandawsen ni gwrandawech chi, gwrandawsech chi gwrandawen nhw, gwrandawsen nhw
preterite gwrandawais i, gwrandawes i gwrandawaist ti, gwrandawest ti gwrandawodd o/e/hi gwrandawon ni gwrandawoch chi gwrandawon nhw
imperative — gwranda — — gwrandewch —
Note: All other forms are periphrastic, as usual in colloquial Welsh.
Conjugation (colloquial)
Inflected colloquial forms singular plural
first second third first second third
future gwranda i, gwrandaf i gwrandi di gwrandith o/e/hi, gwrandiff e/hi gwrandwn ni gwrandwch chi gwrandan nhw
conditional gwrandwn i, gwrandswn i gwrandet ti, gwrandset ti gwrandai fo/fe/hi, gwrandsai fo/fe/hi gwranden ni, gwrandsen ni gwrandech chi, gwrandsech chi gwranden nhw, gwrandsen nhw
preterite gwrandais i, gwrandes i gwrandaist ti, gwrandest ti gwrandodd o/e/hi gwrandon ni gwrandoch chi gwrandon nhw
imperative — gwranda — — gwrandwch —
Note: All other forms are periphrastic, as usual in colloquial Welsh.

Mutation
Welsh mutation
radical soft nasal aspirate
gwrando wrando ngwrando unchanged
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs.

References
  1. R. J. Thomas, G. A. Bevan, P. J. Donovan, A. Hawke et al., editors (1950–present), “gwrando”, in Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru Online (in Welsh), University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh & Celtic Studies
  2. R. J. Thomas, G. A. Bevan, P. J. Donovan, A. Hawke et al., editors (1950–present), “andaw”, in Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru Online (in Welsh), University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh & Celtic Studies
  3. Morris Jones, John (1913) A Welsh Grammar, Historical and Comparative, Oxford: Clarendon Press, § 76 iii 1
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