guma

See also: guma' and gumă

Afar
Guma.

Pronunciation
  • IPA(key): /ɡuˈma/, [ɡʊˈmʌ]
  • Hyphenation: gu‧ma

Noun

gumá f (singulative gumáytu m)

  1. (collective) vultures

Declension
Declension of gumá
absolutive gumá
predicative gumá
subjective gumá
genitive gumá
Postpositioned forms
l-case gumál
k-case gumák
t-case gumát
h-case gumáh

References
  • E. M. Parker, R. J. Hayward (1985) “guma”, in An Afar-English-French dictionary (with Grammatical Notes in English), University of London, →ISBN

Czech

Alternative forms

Pronunciation
  • IPA(key): [ˈɡuma]
  • audio(file)
  • Rhymes: -uma
  • Hyphenation: gu‧ma

Noun

guma f

  1. rubber (material)
  2. eraser, rubber
  3. (informal) condom

Declension
Declension of guma (hard feminine)
singular plural
nominative guma gumy
genitive gumy gum
dative gumě gumám
accusative gumu gumy
vocative gumo gumy
locative gumě gumách
instrumental gumou gumami

Derived terms

Further reading
  • guma in Příruční slovník jazyka českého, 1935–1957
  • guma in Slovník spisovného jazyka českého, 1960–1971, 1989

Gothic

Romanization

guma

  1. Romanization of 𐌲𐌿𐌼𐌰

Hausa

Pronunciation
  • IPA(key): /ɡú.màː/
    • (Standard Kano Hausa) IPA(key): [ɡʷʊ́.màː]

Verb

gumā̀ (grade 1)

  1. to fill one's mouth with a liquid

Icelandic

Etymology

From gum (“exaggeration, boasting”) +‎ -a.

Pronunciation
  • IPA(key): /ˈkʏːma/
  • Rhymes: -ʏːma

Verb

guma (weak verb, third-person singular past indicative gumaði, supine gumað)

  1. (intransitive, with preposition af) to boast, to exaggerate
    Synonym: stæra sig

Conjugation
guma — active voice (germynd)
infinitive
(nafnháttur)		 að guma
supine
(sagnbót)		 gumað
present participle
(lýsingarháttur nútíðar)		 gumandi
indicative
(framsöguháttur)		 subjunctive
(viðtengingarháttur)
present
(nútíð)		 ég guma við gumum present
(nútíð)		 ég gumi við gumum
þú gumar þið gumið þú gumir þið gumið
hann, hún, það gumar þeir, þær, þau guma hann, hún, það gumi þeir, þær, þau gumi
past
(þátíð)		 ég gumaði við gumuðum past
(þátíð)		 ég gumaði við gumuðum
þú gumaðir þið gumuðuð þú gumaðir þið gumuðuð
hann, hún, það gumaði þeir, þær, þau gumuðu hann, hún, það gumaði þeir, þær, þau gumuðu
imperative
(boðháttur)		 guma (þú) gumið (þið)
Forms with appended personal pronoun
gumaðu gumiði *
* Spoken form, usually not written; in writing, the unappended plural form (optionally followed by the full pronoun) is preferred.

Irish

Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Noun

guma m (genitive singular guma, nominative plural gumaí)

  1. (arboriculture) gum
  2. (chewing-)gum
    Synonym: guma coganta

Declension
Declension of guma

Fourth declension

Bare forms

Case Singular Plural
Nominative guma gumaí
Vocative a ghuma a ghumaí
Genitive guma gumaí
Dative guma gumaí

Forms with the definite article

Case Singular Plural
Nominative an guma na gumaí
Genitive an ghuma na ngumaí
Dative leis an nguma

don ghuma

 leis na gumaí

Derived terms
  • crann guma (“gum-tree”)
  • guma a chur ar rud (“to gum something”)
  • guma arabach (“gum arabic”)
  • guma nicitín (“nicotine gum”)
  • guma peirc (“gutta-percha”)
  • gumach (“gummy”, adjective)
  • gumaigh (“gum”, transitive verb)
  • gumleaistic (“gum elastic”)
  • gumroisín (“gum resin”)
  • póirín guma (“sweetmeat”)

Mutation
Irish mutation
Radical Lenition Eclipsis
guma ghuma nguma
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs.

Further reading
  • Ó Dónaill, Niall (1977) “guma”, in Foclóir Gaeilge–Béarla, Dublin: An Gúm, →ISBN
  • Entries containing “guma” in English-Irish Dictionary, An Gúm, 1959, by Tomás de Bhaldraithe.
  • Entries containing “guma” in New English-Irish Dictionary by Foras na Gaeilge.

Maguindanao

Etymology

Borrowed from Spanish goma.

Pronunciation
  • IPA(key): /ˈɡuma/, [ˈɡu.ma]

Noun

guma (Jawi spelling ݢوما)

  1. rubber
    Synonym: guta

Old English

Etymology

From Proto-Germanic *gumô.

Cognates
Germanic cognates include Old Saxon gumo, Old High German gumo, gomo, Old Norse gumi (Icelandic gumi and Norwegian gume), Gothic 𐌲𐌿𐌼𐌰 (guma). The Indo-European root is also the source of Latin homō, Proto-Balto-Slavic *źmṓ (Lithuanian žmogùs).

Pronunciation
  • IPA(key): /ˈɡu.mɑ/, [ˈɣu.mɑ]

Noun

guma m (nominative plural guman)

  1. (poetic) man, hero
    • Beowulf, ll. 20–21:
      Swā sceal geong guma  gōde gewyrcean,
      fromum feoh-giftum  on fæder bearme
      So should a young man do good deeds
      by fine treasure-gifts while in his father's keeping

Declension
Declension of guma (weak)
Case Singular Plural
nominative guma guman
accusative guman guman
genitive guman gumena
dative guman gumum

Synonyms

Derived terms

Descendants
  • Middle English: gome, gom, gomme, gone, goom, goome, gume
    • English: gome
    • Scots: gome

Old Norse

Noun

guma

  1. inflection of gumi:
    1. indefinite accusative singular/plural
    2. indefinite dative/genitive singular

Polish

Etymology

Borrowed from German Gumma, from New Latin gumma, from Latin gummi.

Pronunciation
  • IPA(key): /ˈɡu.ma/
  • Audio(file)
  • Rhymes: -uma
  • Syllabification: gu‧ma

Noun

guma f (diminutive gumka)

  1. rubber (substance)
  2. chewing gum
  3. (colloquial) flat tire
  4. (colloquial) rubber, condom

Declension
Declension of guma
singular plural
nominative guma gumy
genitive gumy gum
dative gumie gumom
accusative gumę gumy
instrumental gumą gumami
locative gumie gumach
vocative gumo gumy

Derived terms
adjective
nouns

See also

Further reading
  • guma in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
  • guma in Polish dictionaries at PWN

Romanian

Etymology 1

From gumă +‎ -a.

Pronunciation
  • IPA(key): [ɡuˈma]

Verb

a guma (third-person singular present gumează, past participle gumat) 1st conj.

  1. to gum
Conjugation
    conjugation of guma (first conjugation, -ez- infix)
infinitive a guma
gerund gumând
past participle gumat
number singular plural
person 1st person 2nd person 3rd person 1st person 2nd person 3rd person
indicative eu tu el/ea noi voi ei/ele
present gumez gumezi gumează gumăm gumați gumează
imperfect gumam gumai guma gumam gumați gumau
simple perfect gumai gumași gumă gumarăm gumarăți gumară
pluperfect gumasem gumaseși gumase gumaserăm gumaserăți gumaseră
subjunctive eu tu el/ea noi voi ei/ele
present să gumez să gumezi să gumeze să gumăm să gumați să gumeze
imperative — tu — — voi —
affirmative gumează gumați
negative nu guma nu gumați

Pronunciation
  • IPA(key): [ˈɡuma]

Noun

guma f

  1. definite nominative/accusative singular of gumă

Serbo-Croatian

Etymology

From Latin gummi/cummi, from Ancient Greek κόμμι (kómmi), from Egyptian qmy (“anointing oil”), qmyt (“acanthus resin, gum”).

Pronunciation
  • IPA(key): /ɡûma/
  • Hyphenation: gu‧ma

Noun

gȕma f (Cyrillic spelling гу̏ма)

  1. rubber
  2. tyre / tire
  3. chewing gum

Declension
Declension of guma
singular plural
nominative gȕma gume
genitive gume gȗmā
dative gumi gumama
accusative gumu gume
vocative gumo gume
locative gumi gumama
instrumental gumom gumama

Synonyms

Sidamo
Guma.

Pronunciation
  • IPA(key): /ˈɡuma/
  • Hyphenation: gu‧ma

Noun

guma m (plural gumma f)

  1. fruit, berry

References
  • Kazuhiro Kawachi (2007) A grammar of Sidaama (Sidamo), a Cushitic language of Ethiopia, page 81
  • Gizaw Shimelis, editor (2007), “guma”, in Sidaama-Amharic-English dictionary, Addis Ababa: Sidama Information and Culture department

West Makian

Pronunciation
  • IPA(key): /ˈɡu.ma/

Verb

guma

  1. (stative) to be full

Conjugation
Conjugation of guma (stative verb)
singular plural
inclusive exclusive
1st person tiguma miguma aguma
2nd person niguma figuma
3rd person inanimate iguma diguma
animate maguma
imperative —, guma —, guma

References
  • Clemens Voorhoeve (1982) The Makian languages and their neighbours‎, Pacific linguistics
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