geall

Irish

Pronunciation

Etymology 1

From Old Irish gell (“pledge, surety”).[2]

Noun

geall m (genitive singular gill, nominative plural geallta)

  1. pledge, pawn, token
  2. bet, wager
    • 1906, E.C. Quiggin, A Dialect of Donegal, Cambridge University Press, page 74:
      bʹjuw gʹαL gə mʹɛ ʃə əNsə welʹə rĩv ə Nĩ:çə
      Bíodh geall go mbeidh sé insa bhaile roimh an oíche (conventional orthography)
      I bet you he will be home before night.
      (literally, “Let there be a bet that…”)
  3. asset, resource
  4. prize
Declension
Declension of geall

First declension

Bare forms:

Case Singular Plural
Nominative geall geallta
Vocative a ghill a gheallta
Genitive gill geallta
Dative geall geallta

Forms with the definite article:

Case Singular Plural
Nominative an geall na geallta
Genitive an ghill na ngeallta
Dative leis an ngeall

don gheall

 leis na geallta
Derived terms
  • geall le, i ngeall le (“dependent on; equal, equivalent, to; all but, almost”)
  • de gheall ar (“for the sake of; disposed to, intending to”)
  • i ngeall ar, mar gheall ar (“on account of; concerning”)

Etymology 2

From Old Irish gellaid (“to pledge”), from gell (“pledge, surety”).[3]

Verb

geall (present analytic geallann, future analytic geallfaidh, verbal noun gealladh, past participle geallta) (transitive, intransitive)

  1. promise, assure
  2. allot (to)
Conjugation
conjugation of geall (first conjugation – A)
singular plural relative autonomous
first second third first second third
indicative present geallaim geallann tú;
geallair†		 geallann sé, sí geallaimid geallann sibh geallann siad;
geallaid†		 a gheallann; a gheallas /
a ngeallann*; a ngeallas*		 gealltar
past gheall mé; gheallas gheall tú; gheallais gheall sé, sí gheallamar; gheall muid gheall sibh; gheallabhair gheall siad; ghealladar a gheall /
ar gheall*		 gealladh
past habitual gheallainn / ngeallainn‡‡ ghealltá / ngealltᇇ ghealladh sé, sí / ngealladh sé, s퇇 gheallaimis; ghealladh muid / ngeallaimis‡‡; ngealladh muid‡‡ ghealladh sibh / ngealladh sibh‡‡ gheallaidís; ghealladh siad / ngeallaidís‡‡; ngealladh siad‡‡ a ghealladh /
a ngealladh*		 ghealltaí / ngeallta퇇
future geallfaidh mé;
geallfad		 geallfaidh tú;
geallfair†		 geallfaidh sé, sí geallfaimid;
geallfaidh muid		 geallfaidh sibh geallfaidh siad;
geallfaid†		 a gheallfaidh; a gheallfas /
a ngeallfaidh*; a ngeallfas*		 geallfar
conditional gheallfainn / ngeallfainn‡‡ gheallfá / ngeallfᇇ gheallfadh sé, sí / ngeallfadh sé, s퇇 gheallfaimis; gheallfadh muid / ngeallfaimis‡‡; ngeallfadh muid‡‡ gheallfadh sibh / ngeallfadh sibh‡‡ gheallfaidís; gheallfadh siad / ngeallfaidís‡‡; ngeallfadh siad‡‡ a gheallfadh /
a ngeallfadh*		 gheallfaí / ngeallfa퇇
subjunctive present go ngealla mé;
go ngeallad†		 go ngealla tú;
go ngeallair†		 go ngealla sé, sí go ngeallaimid;
go ngealla muid		 go ngealla sibh go ngealla siad;
go ngeallaid†		 — go ngealltar
past dá ngeallainn dá ngealltá dá ngealladh sé, sí dá ngeallaimis;
dá ngealladh muid		 dá ngealladh sibh dá ngeallaidís;
dá ngealladh siad		 — dá ngealltaí
imperative geallaim geall gealladh sé, sí geallaimis geallaigí;
geallaidh†		 geallaidís — gealltar
verbal noun gealladh
past participle geallta

* indirect relative
† archaic or dialect form
‡‡ dependent form used with particles that trigger eclipsis

Mutation
Irish mutation
Radical Lenition Eclipsis
geall gheall ngeall
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs.

References
  1. Finck, F. N. (1899) Die araner mundart (in German), volume II, Marburg: Elwert’sche Verlagsbuchhandlung, page 131
  2. G. Toner, M. Ní Mhaonaigh, S. Arbuthnot, D. Wodtko, M.-L. Theuerkauf, editors (2019), “gell”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
  3. G. Toner, M. Ní Mhaonaigh, S. Arbuthnot, D. Wodtko, M.-L. Theuerkauf, editors (2019), “gellaid”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language

Further reading
  • Ó Dónaill, Niall (1977) “geall”, in Foclóir Gaeilge–Béarla, Dublin: An Gúm, →ISBN
  • Dinneen, Patrick S. (1904) “geall”, in Foclóir Gaeḋilge agus Béarla, 1st edition, Dublin: Irish Texts Society, page 355
  • Entries containing “geall” in English-Irish Dictionary, An Gúm, 1959, by Tomás de Bhaldraithe.
  • Entries containing “geall” in New English-Irish Dictionary by Foras na Gaeilge.

Scottish Gaelic

Pronunciation
  • IPA(key): /kʲaul̪ˠ/

Etymology 1

From Old Irish gell (“pledge, surety; stake, wager”).

Noun

geall m (genitive singular gill, plural gill)

  1. pledge
  2. mortgage
  3. bet, wager
  4. prize, reward
  5. desire, love
  6. notch
Derived terms
  • bùth-gheall f (“pawnshop”)
  • cuir geall (“to bet, to wager”)
  • geall-barantais m (“pledge; mortgage; bet”)
  • geall-cheannaiche m (“pawnbroker”)
  • geall-cinnidh m (“fine paid by one guilty of manslaughter to kinsmen of deceased”)
  • geall-dìolaidh m (“mortgage”)
  • geall-fhiachan m (“mortgage”)
  • geall-meas m (“compensation for anything carried away or destroyed; estimate”)
  • geall-réis m (“racing competition, games”)
  • geall-spréidh m (“cattle-show”)
  • geall-treabhaidh m (“ploughing-match”)

Etymology 2

From Old Irish gellaid (“pledges oneself, vows, promises; pledges, wagers; gives in pledge; testifies”), from gell (“pledge, surety; stake, wager”).

Verb

geall (past gheall, future geallaidh, verbal noun gealltainn or gealladh, past participle geallte)

  1. promise, wager
  2. pledge, vow
Conjugation
Conjugation of geall (regular)
singular plural impersonal
first second third m/f first second third
independent past gheall mi gheall thu gheall e/i gheall sinn gheall sibh gheall iad ghealladh
future geallaidh mi geallaidh tu geallaidh e/i geallaidh sinn geallaidh sibh geallaidh iad geallar
gealltar
conditional gheallainn ghealladh tu ghealladh e/i gheallamaid
ghealladh sinn		 ghealladh sibh ghealladh iad ghealltadh
gheallaist(e)1
negative past cha do gheall mi cha do gheall thu cha do gheall e/i cha do gheall sinn cha do gheall sibh cha do gheall iad cha do ghealladh
future cha gheall mi cha gheall thu cha gheall e/i cha gheall sinn cha gheall sibh cha gheall iad cha gheallar
cha ghealltar
conditional cha gheallainn cha ghealladh tu cha ghealladh e/i cha gheallamaid
cha ghealladh sinn		 cha ghealladh sibh cha ghealladh iad cha ghealltadh
cha gheallaist(e)1
affirmative
interrogative		 past an do gheall mi? an do gheall thu? an do gheall e/i? an do gheall sinn? an do gheall sibh? an do gheall iad? an do ghealladh?
future an geall mi? an geall thu? an geall e/i? an geall sinn? an geall sibh? an geall iad? an geallar?
an gealltar?
conditional an geallainn? an gealladh tu? an gealladh e/i? an geallamaid?
an gealladh sinn?		 an gealladh sibh? an gealladh iad? an gealltadh?
an geallaist(e)1?
negative
interrogative		 past nach do gheall mi? nach do gheall thu? nach do gheall e/i? nach do gheall sinn? nach do gheall sibh? nach do gheall iad? nach do ghealladh?
future nach geall mi? nach geall thu? nach geall e/i? nach geall sinn? nach geall sibh? nach geall iad? nach geallar?
nach gealltar?
conditional nach geallainn? nach gealladh tu? nach gealladh e/i? nach geallamaid?
nach gealladh sinn?		 nach gealladh sibh? nach gealladh iad? nach gealltadh?
nach geallaist(e)1?
relative
future		 affirmative (ma) gheallas mi (ma) gheallas thu (ma) gheallas e/i (ma) gheallas sinn (ma) gheallas sibh (ma) gheallas iad (ma) gheallar
negative (mur) geall mi (mur) geall thu (mur) geall e/i (mur) geall sinn (mur) geall sibh (mur) geall iad (mur) geallar
(mur) gealltar
imperative geallam geall gealladh e/i geallamaid geallaibh gealladh iad geallar
gealltar
stem geall
verbal noun gealladh/gealltainn
past participle geallte
1 Lewis dialect form

Mutation
Scottish Gaelic mutation
Radical Lenition
geallgheall
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs.

Further reading
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