gast

See also: Gast and gäst

English

Etymology

From Middle English gasten, from Old English gǣstan, from Proto-Germanic *gaistijaną. Also spelled ghast due to association with ghost.

Pronunciation
  • (Received Pronunciation) IPA(key): /ɡɑːst/
    • Audio (Southern England)(file)
  • (General American) IPA(key): /ɡæst/
  • Rhymes: -ɑːst, -æst

Verb

gast (third-person singular simple present gasts, present participle gasting, simple past and past participle gasted)

  1. (obsolete) To frighten.

Anagrams

Breton

Etymology

Borrowed from Old Irish gast, from Proto-Celtic *gasliyā, from *gas, of uncertain ultimate origin, but compare French gouine (“lesbian”), and Proto-Brythonic *gwėɣin (“sheath”).[1]

Noun

gast f (plural gisti)

  1. (vulgar, derogatory) whore, bitch

Inflection

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  Mutation of gast  
Breton consonant mutation
unmutatedsoftaspiratehard
singular gast c'hast unchanged kast
plural gisti c'histi unchanged kisti

References
  1. MacBain, Alexander, Mackay, Eneas (1911) “gast”, in An Etymological Dictionary of the Gaelic Language‎, Stirling, →ISBN

Danish

Etymology

From Old Frisian gāst, from Proto-West Germanic *gaist.

Noun

gast c (singular definite gasten, plural indefinite gaster)

  1. A crew member on a ship

Dutch

Pronunciation
  • IPA(key): /ɣɑst/
  • Audio(file)
  • Hyphenation: gast
  • Rhymes: -ɑst

Etymology 1

From Middle Dutch gast, from Old Dutch *gast, from Proto-West Germanic *gasti, from Proto-Germanic *gastiz.

Noun

gast m (plural gasten, diminutive gastje n)

  1. guest
    Synonym: genodigde
    Antonyms: gastheer, gastvrouw
    Ik heb afgelopen week wat familie te gast gehad. ― Some family members stayed with me as guests last week.
  2. (chiefly in combinations) knave, worker, apprentice, delivery boy
    Antonyms: meester, stagemeester
  3. (colloquial) dude, guy
    Synonyms: gozer, vent
    Die gast is echt niet goed bij z'n hoofd. ― That guy really isn't right in the head.
    Zijn broer is best een aardige gast. ― His brother is quite a nice guy.
    Gast, waar heb je het nou helemaal over? ― Dude, what are you even on about?
Derived terms
Descendants
  • Negerhollands: gast

Etymology 2

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

Verb

gast

  1. inflection of gassen:
    1. second/third-person singular present indicative
    2. (archaic) plural imperative

Gothic

Romanization

gast

  1. Romanization of 𐌲𐌰𐍃𐍄

Icelandic

Verb

gast

  1. singular past indicative of getast

Middle English

Noun

gast

  1. Alternative form of gost

Old English

Alternative forms

Etymology

From Proto-West Germanic *gaist, from Proto-Germanic *gaistaz.

Pronunciation
  • IPA(key): /ɡɑːst/

Noun

gāst m

  1. spirit
    sē Hālga Gāst
    the Holy Spirit
    Iċ bēo mid þē on gāste.
    I'll be with you in spirit.
  2. ghost
  3. breath
  4. demon

Declension
Declension of gast (strong a-stem)
Case Singular Plural
nominative gāst gāstas
accusative gāst gāstas
genitive gāstes gāsta
dative gāste gāstum

Derived terms

Descendants

Old French

Alternative forms

Etymology

Based on Latin vastus (“uncultivated, unoccupied”)

Noun

gast oblique singular, m (oblique plural gaz or gatz, nominative singular gaz or gatz, nominative plural gast)

  1. destruction

Adjective

gast m (oblique and nominative feminine singular gaste)

  1. destroyed; ravaged; decimated

Descendants

References

Old Frisian
Kēning Richard III and gāstar.

Alternative forms

Etymology

From Proto-West Germanic *gaist. Cognates include Old English gāst and Old Saxon gēst.

Pronunciation
  • IPA(key): /ˈɡaːst/

Noun

gāst m

  1. ghost, spirit

Descendants

References
  • Bremmer, Rolf H. (2009) An Introduction to Old Frisian: History, Grammar, Reader, Glossary, Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company, →ISBN, page 28

Old High German

Etymology

From Proto-West Germanic *gasti, see also Old Norse gestr, Latin hostis (“enemy”).

Noun

gast m (plural gesti)

  1. guest

Declension
Declension of gast (masculine i-stem)
case singular plural
nominative gast gesti
accusative gast gesti
genitive gastes gesto
dative gaste gestim, gesten
instrumental gastu —

Derived terms

Descendants

Old Saxon

Etymology

From Proto-West Germanic *gasti, whence also Old English ġiest.

Noun

gast m

  1. guest

Declension
Declension of gast (masculine i-stem)
singular plural
nominative gast gest
accusative gast gest
genitive gasties gastiō
dative gastie gastium
instrumental — —


Descendants
  • Middle Low German: gast
    • Westphalian:
      Ravensbergisch-Lippisch: Gast
      Sauerländisch: Gast
      Westmünsterländisch: Gast
    • Plautdietsch: Gaust
    • → Saterland Frisian: Gast
    • → West Frisian: gast

Swedish

Etymology 1

See gäst

Noun

gast c

  1. A crew member on a ship

Etymology 2

From Old Swedish gaster, possibly borrowed from Old Frisian gāst, from Proto-West Germanic *gaist.

Noun

gast c

  1. A ghost
    Synonym: vålnad
Usage notes

The more common word for ghost is spöke.

Declension
Declension of gast 
Singular Plural
Indefinite Definite Indefinite Definite
Nominative gast gasten gastar gastarna
Genitive gasts gastens gastars gastarnas
Derived terms

References

Anagrams

Welsh

Etymology

From Irish gast, from Proto-Celtic *gasliyā, from *gas, of uncertain ultimate origin, but compare French gouine (“lesbian”), and Proto-Brythonic *gwėɣin (“sheath”).[1]

Noun

gast f (plural geist)

  1. (vulgar, derogatory, offensive) bitch

Mutation
Welsh mutation
radical soft nasal aspirate
gast ast ngast unchanged
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs.

References
  1. MacBain, Alexander, Mackay, Eneas (1911) “galla”, in An Etymological Dictionary of the Gaelic Language‎, Stirling, →ISBN
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