forcier
Old French
Alternative forms
- forchier, forcher (northern)
- forscer, forser, forsser
Etymology
From Vulgar Latin *fortiāre, a verb based on Late Latin fortia (“violence, force”), a noun based on Latin fortis (“strong”).
Pronunciation
- (classical) IPA(key): /foɾˈt͡sjeːr/, (northern) /foɾˈt͡ʃjeːɾ/
Conjugation
This verb conjugates as a first-group verb ending in -ier, with a palatal stem. These verbs are conjugated mostly like verbs in -er, but there is an extra i before the e of some endings. The forms that would normally end in *-c, *-cs, *-ct are modified to z, z, zt. In addition, c becomes ç before an a, o or u to keep the /ts/ sound intact. Old French conjugation varies significantly by date and by region. The following conjugation should be treated as a guide.
| simple | compound | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| infinitive | forcier | avoir forcié | |||||
| gerund | en forçant | gerund of avoir + past participle | |||||
| present participle | forçant | ||||||
| past participle | forcié | ||||||
| person | singular | plural | |||||
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| indicative | jo | tu | il | nos | vos | il | |
| simple tenses |
present | forz | forces | force | forçons | forciez | forcent |
| imperfect | forçoie, forceie, forçoe, forcieve | forçoies, forceies, forçoes, forcieves | forçoit, forceit, forçot, forcieve | forciiens, forciens | forciiez, forciez | forçoient, forceient, forçoent, forcievent | |
| preterite | forçai | forças | força | forçames | forçastes | forcierent | |
| future | forcerai | forceras | forcera | forcerons | forceroiz, forcereiz, forcerez | forceront | |
| conditional | forceroie, forcereie | forceroies, forcereies | forceroit, forcereit | forceriiens, forceriens | forceriiez, forceriez | forceroient, forcereient | |
| compound tenses |
present perfect | present tense of avoir + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect | imperfect tense of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| past anterior | preterite tense of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| future perfect | future tense of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| conditional perfect | conditional tense of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| subjunctive | que jo | que tu | qu’il | que nos | que vos | qu’il | |
| simple tenses |
present | forz | forz | forzt | forçons | forciez | forcent |
| imperfect | forçasse | forçasses | forçast | forcissons, forcissiens | forcissoiz, forcissez, forcissiez | forçassent | |
| compound tenses |
past | present subjunctive of avoir + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect | imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| imperative | – | tu | – | nos | vos | – | |
| — | force | — | forçons | forciez | — | ||
Descendants
References
- forcer_1 on the Anglo-Norman On-Line Hub
- Walther von Wartburg (1928–2002) “*fortiare”, in Französisches Etymologisches Wörterbuch (in German), volumes 3: D–F, page 729
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