forcer
English
Rhubarb forcers in a restaurant vegetable garden
Pronunciation
- Rhymes: -ɔː(ɹ)sə(ɹ)
Noun
forcer (plural forcers)
- agent noun of force
- The solid piston of a force pump; the instrument by which water is forced in a pump.
- A small hand pump for sinking pits, draining cellars, etc.
- A bell-shaped lidded pot for growing rhubarb, used to limit photosynthesis by excluding light, encouraging early-season growth and blanched stems.
Related terms
French
Etymology
Inherited from Old French forcier, from Vulgar Latin *fortiāre, a verb based on Late Latin fortia, a noun based on Latin fortis (“strong”).
Pronunciation
Conjugation
This verb is part of a group of -er verbs for which 'c' is softened to a 'ç' before the vowels 'a' and 'o'.
Conjugation of forcer (see also Appendix:French verbs)
| infinitive | simple | forcer | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| compound | avoir + past participle | ||||||
| present participle or gerund1 | simple | forçant /fɔʁ.sɑ̃/ | |||||
| compound | ayant + past participle | ||||||
| past participle | forcé /fɔʁ.se/ | ||||||
| singular | plural | ||||||
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| indicative | je (j’) | tu | il, elle, on | nous | vous | ils, elles | |
| (simple tenses) |
present | force /fɔʁs/ |
forces /fɔʁs/ |
force /fɔʁs/ |
forçons /fɔʁ.sɔ̃/ |
forcez /fɔʁ.se/ |
forcent /fɔʁs/ |
| imperfect | forçais /fɔʁ.sɛ/ |
forçais /fɔʁ.sɛ/ |
forçait /fɔʁ.sɛ/ |
forcions /fɔʁ.sjɔ̃/ |
forciez /fɔʁ.sje/ |
forçaient /fɔʁ.sɛ/ | |
| past historic2 | forçai /fɔʁ.se/ |
forças /fɔʁ.sa/ |
força /fɔʁ.sa/ |
forçâmes /fɔʁ.sam/ |
forçâtes /fɔʁ.sat/ |
forcèrent /fɔʁ.sɛʁ/ | |
| future | forcerai /fɔʁ.sə.ʁe/ |
forceras /fɔʁ.sə.ʁa/ |
forcera /fɔʁ.sə.ʁa/ |
forcerons /fɔʁ.sə.ʁɔ̃/ |
forcerez /fɔʁ.sə.ʁe/ |
forceront /fɔʁ.sə.ʁɔ̃/ | |
| conditional | forcerais /fɔʁ.sə.ʁɛ/ |
forcerais /fɔʁ.sə.ʁɛ/ |
forcerait /fɔʁ.sə.ʁɛ/ |
forcerions /fɔʁ.sə.ʁjɔ̃/ |
forceriez /fɔʁ.sə.ʁje/ |
forceraient /fɔʁ.sə.ʁɛ/ | |
| (compound tenses) |
present perfect | present indicative of avoir + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect | imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| past anterior2 | past historic of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| future perfect | future of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| conditional perfect | conditional of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| subjunctive | que je (j’) | que tu | qu’il, qu’elle | que nous | que vous | qu’ils, qu’elles | |
| (simple tenses) |
present | force /fɔʁs/ |
forces /fɔʁs/ |
force /fɔʁs/ |
forcions /fɔʁ.sjɔ̃/ |
forciez /fɔʁ.sje/ |
forcent /fɔʁs/ |
| imperfect2 | forçasse /fɔʁ.sas/ |
forçasses /fɔʁ.sas/ |
forçât /fɔʁ.sa/ |
forçassions /fɔʁ.sa.sjɔ̃/ |
forçassiez /fɔʁ.sa.sje/ |
forçassent /fɔʁ.sas/ | |
| (compound tenses) |
past | present subjunctive of avoir + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect2 | imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| imperative | – | – | – | ||||
| simple | — | force /fɔʁs/ |
— | forçons /fɔʁ.sɔ̃/ |
forcez /fɔʁ.se/ |
— | |
| compound | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | |
| 1 The French gerund is usable only with the preposition en. | |||||||
2 In less formal writing or speech, these tenses may be found to have been replaced in the following way:
(Christopher Kendris [1995], Master the Basics: French, pp. 77, 78, 79, 81). | |||||||
Further reading
- “forcer”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.
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