esdekel
Hungarian
Etymology
Either from the obsolete verb esdek (“to plead”) + -el (frequentative suffix),[1][2] or directly from the source of the latter verb, esik (“to fall”, here: “to entreat”) (obsolete in this sense) + -dekel.[2]
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [ˈɛʒdɛkɛl]
- Hyphenation: es‧de‧kel
- Rhymes: -ɛl
Conjugation
conjugation of esdekel
| Click for archaic forms | 1st person sg | 2nd person sg informal |
3rd person sg, 2nd p. sg formal |
1st person pl | 2nd person pl informal |
3rd person pl, 2nd p. pl formal | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Indicative mood |
Present | Indef. | esdekelek | esdekelsz | esdekel | esdekelünk | esdekeltek | esdekelnek | |
| Def. | intransitive verb, definite forms are not used | ||||||||
| 2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
| Past | Indef. | esdekeltem | esdekeltél | esdekelt | esdekeltünk | esdekeltetek | esdekeltek | ||
| Def. | ― | ||||||||
| 2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
| Future | Future is expressed with a present-tense verb with a completion-marking prefix and/or a time adverb, or—more explicitly—with the infinitive plus the conjugated auxiliary verb fog, e.g. esdekelni fog. | ||||||||
| Archaic Preterit |
Indef. | esdekelék | esdekelél | esdekele | esdekelénk | esdekelétek | esdekelének | ||
| Def. | ― | ||||||||
| 2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
| Archaic Past | Two additional past tenses: the present and the (current) past forms followed by vala (volt), e.g. esdekel vala, esdekelt vala/volt. | ||||||||
| Archaic Future |
Indef. | esdekelendek | esdekelendesz | esdekelend | esdekelendünk | esdekelendetek | esdekelendenek | ||
| Def. | ― | ||||||||
| 2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
| Conditional mood |
Present | Indef. | esdekelnék | esdekelnél | esdekelne | esdekelnénk | esdekelnétek | esdekelnének | |
| Def. | ― | ||||||||
| 2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
| Past | Indicative past forms followed by volna, e.g. esdekelt volna | ||||||||
| Subjunctive mood |
Present | Indef. | esdekeljek | esdekelj or esdekeljél |
esdekeljen | esdekeljünk | esdekeljetek | esdekeljenek | |
| Def. | ― | ||||||||
| 2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
| (Archaic) Past | Indicative past forms followed by légyen, e.g. esdekelt légyen | ||||||||
| Infinitive | esdekelni | esdekelnem | esdekelned | esdekelnie | esdekelnünk | esdekelnetek | esdekelniük | ||
| Other forms |
Verbal noun | Present part. | Past part. | Future part. | Adverbial participle | Causative | |||
| esdekelés | esdekelő | esdekelt | ― | esdekelve (esdekelvén) | |||||
potential conjugation of esdekel
| Click for archaic forms | 1st person sg | 2nd person sg informal |
3rd person sg, 2nd p. sg formal |
1st person pl | 2nd person pl informal |
3rd person pl, 2nd p. pl formal | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Indicative mood |
Present | Indef. | esdekelhetek | esdekelhetsz | esdekelhet | esdekelhetünk | esdekelhettek | esdekelhetnek | |
| Def. | intransitive verb, definite forms are not used | ||||||||
| 2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
| Past | Indef. | esdekelhettem | esdekelhettél | esdekelhetett | esdekelhettünk | esdekelhettetek | esdekelhettek | ||
| Def. | ― | ||||||||
| 2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
| Archaic Preterit |
Indef. | esdekelheték | esdekelhetél | esdekelhete | esdekelheténk | esdekelhetétek | esdekelhetének | ||
| Def. | ― | ||||||||
| 2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
| Archaic Past | Two additional past tenses: the present and the (current) past forms followed by vala, e.g. esdekelhet vala, esdekelhetett vala/volt. | ||||||||
| Archaic Future |
Indef. | esdekelhetendek or esdekelandhatok |
esdekelhetendesz or esdekelandhatsz |
esdekelhetend or esdekelandhat |
esdekelhetendünk or esdekelandhatunk |
esdekelhetendetek or esdekelandhattok |
esdekelhetendenek or esdekelandhatnak | ||
| Def. | ― | ||||||||
| 2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
| Conditional mood |
Present | Indef. | esdekelhetnék | esdekelhetnél | esdekelhetne | esdekelhetnénk | esdekelhetnétek | esdekelhetnének | |
| Def. | ― | ||||||||
| 2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
| Past | Indicative past forms followed by volna, e.g. esdekelhetett volna | ||||||||
| Subjunctive mood |
Present | Indef. | esdekelhessek | esdekelhess or esdekelhessél |
esdekelhessen | esdekelhessünk | esdekelhessetek | esdekelhessenek | |
| Def. | ― | ||||||||
| 2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
| (Archaic) Past | Indicative past forms followed by légyen, e.g. esdekelhetett légyen | ||||||||
| Inf. | (esdekelhetni) | (esdekelhetnem) | (esdekelhetned) | (esdekelhetnie) | (esdekelhetnünk) | (esdekelhetnetek) | (esdekelhetniük) | ||
| Positive adjective | ― | Neg. adj. | ― | Adv. part. | (esdekelhetve / esdekelhetvén) | ||||
References
- esdekel in Zaicz, Gábor (ed.). Etimológiai szótár: Magyar szavak és toldalékok eredete (‘Dictionary of Etymology: The origin of Hungarian words and affixes’). Budapest: Tinta Könyvkiadó, 2006, →ISBN. (See also its 2nd edition.)
- esdekel in Gerstner, Károly (ed.). Új magyar etimológiai szótár. (’New Etymological Dictionary of Hungarian’). Beta version. Budapest, MTA Nyelvtudományi Intézet / Magyar Nyelvtudományi Kutatóközpont, 2011–2022. (Research Institute for Linguistics, Hungary). Language abbreviations
Further reading
- esdekel in Bárczi, Géza and László Országh. A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára (‘The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language’, abbr.: ÉrtSz.). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962. Fifth ed., 1992: →ISBN
- esdekel in Ittzés, Nóra (ed.). A magyar nyelv nagyszótára (‘A Comprehensive Dictionary of the Hungarian Language’). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 2006–2031 (work in progress; published A–ez as of 2024)
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