esdek
Hungarian
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [ˈɛʒdɛk]
- Hyphenation: es‧dek
- Rhymes: -ɛk
Etymology 1
esik (“to fall”, here: “to entreat”) (obsolete in this sense) + -dek (frequentative suffix)
Verb
esdek
- (obsolete) to beseech, plead, beg [till 19th c.]
- 1819, János Horváth, Tisztelet oszlopa, mellyet néhai […] Festetics György ur ö́ excellentiájának […], Aprilis 15-kén 1819. eszt. emelt Horváth János […], page 19:
- Jertek borullyunk az ö́ oltára eleibe, kegyelemért esdekni; bemutatván érette engeſztelö́ áldozatunkat.
- Come let us prostrate ourselves before his altar to supplicate for mercy; offering our atoning sacrifice for him.
Conjugation
conjugation of esdek
| Click for archaic forms | 1st person sg | 2nd person sg informal |
3rd person sg, 2nd p. sg formal |
1st person pl | 2nd person pl informal |
3rd person pl, 2nd p. pl formal | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Indicative mood |
Present | Indef. | esdekek | esdeksz | esdek | esdekünk | esdektek | esdeknek | |
| Def. | intransitive verb, definite forms are not used | ||||||||
| 2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
| Past | Indef. | esdektem | esdektél | esdekett | esdektünk | esdektetek | esdektek | ||
| Def. | ― | ||||||||
| 2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
| Future | Future is expressed with a present-tense verb with a completion-marking prefix and/or a time adverb, or—more explicitly—with the infinitive plus the conjugated auxiliary verb fog, e.g. esdekni fog. | ||||||||
| Archaic Preterit |
Indef. | esdekék | esdekél | esdeke | esdekénk | esdekétek | esdekének | ||
| Def. | ― | ||||||||
| 2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
| Archaic Past | Two additional past tenses: the present and the (current) past forms followed by vala (volt), e.g. esdek vala, esdekett vala/volt. | ||||||||
| Archaic Future |
Indef. | esdekendek | esdekendesz | esdekend | esdekendünk | esdekendetek | esdekendenek | ||
| Def. | ― | ||||||||
| 2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
| Conditional mood |
Present | Indef. | esdeknék | esdeknél | esdekne | esdeknénk | esdeknétek | esdeknének | |
| Def. | ― | ||||||||
| 2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
| Past | Indicative past forms followed by volna, e.g. esdekett volna | ||||||||
| Subjunctive mood |
Present | Indef. | esdekjek | esdekj or esdekjél |
esdekjen | esdekjünk | esdekjetek | esdekjenek | |
| Def. | ― | ||||||||
| 2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
| (Archaic) Past | Indicative past forms followed by légyen, e.g. esdekett légyen | ||||||||
| Infinitive | esdekni | esdeknem | esdekned | esdeknie | esdeknünk | esdeknetek | esdekniük | ||
| Other forms |
Verbal noun | Present part. | Past part. | Future part. | Adverbial participle | Causative | |||
| esdekés | esdekő | esdekett | ― | esdekve (esdekvén) | |||||
potential conjugation of esdek
| Click for archaic forms | 1st person sg | 2nd person sg informal |
3rd person sg, 2nd p. sg formal |
1st person pl | 2nd person pl informal |
3rd person pl, 2nd p. pl formal | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Indicative mood |
Present | Indef. | esdekhetek | esdekhetsz | esdekhet | esdekhetünk | esdekhettek | esdekhetnek | |
| Def. | intransitive verb, definite forms are not used | ||||||||
| 2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
| Past | Indef. | esdekhettem | esdekhettél | esdekhetett | esdekhettünk | esdekhettetek | esdekhettek | ||
| Def. | ― | ||||||||
| 2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
| Archaic Preterit |
Indef. | esdekheték | esdekhetél | esdekhete | esdekheténk | esdekhetétek | esdekhetének | ||
| Def. | ― | ||||||||
| 2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
| Archaic Past | Two additional past tenses: the present and the (current) past forms followed by vala, e.g. esdekhet vala, esdekhetett vala/volt. | ||||||||
| Archaic Future |
Indef. | esdekhetendek or esdekandhatok |
esdekhetendesz or esdekandhatsz |
esdekhetend or esdekandhat |
esdekhetendünk or esdekandhatunk |
esdekhetendetek or esdekandhattok |
esdekhetendenek or esdekandhatnak | ||
| Def. | ― | ||||||||
| 2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
| Conditional mood |
Present | Indef. | esdekhetnék | esdekhetnél | esdekhetne | esdekhetnénk | esdekhetnétek | esdekhetnének | |
| Def. | ― | ||||||||
| 2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
| Past | Indicative past forms followed by volna, e.g. esdekhetett volna | ||||||||
| Subjunctive mood |
Present | Indef. | esdekhessek | esdekhess or esdekhessél |
esdekhessen | esdekhessünk | esdekhessetek | esdekhessenek | |
| Def. | ― | ||||||||
| 2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
| (Archaic) Past | Indicative past forms followed by légyen, e.g. esdekhetett légyen | ||||||||
| Inf. | (esdekhetni) | (esdekhetnem) | (esdekhetned) | (esdekhetnie) | (esdekhetnünk) | (esdekhetnetek) | (esdekhetniük) | ||
| Positive adjective | ― | Neg. adj. | ― | Adv. part. | (esdekhetve / esdekhetvén) | ||||
Related terms
Further reading
- esdek in Ittzés, Nóra (ed.). A magyar nyelv nagyszótára (‘A Comprehensive Dictionary of the Hungarian Language’). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 2006–2031 (work in progress; published A–ez as of 2024)
Polish
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈɛz.dɛk/
Audio (file) - Rhymes: -ɛzdɛk
- Syllabification: es‧dek
Declension
Declension of esdek
| singular | plural | |
|---|---|---|
| nominative | esdek | esdecy |
| genitive | esdeka | esdeków |
| dative | esdekowi | esdekom |
| accusative | esdeka | esdeków |
| instrumental | esdekiem | esdekami |
| locative | esdeku | esdekach |
| vocative | esdeku | esdecy |
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