encourir

French

Etymology

From en- +‎ courir, calque of Latin incurrō.

Pronunciation
  • IPA(key): /ɑ̃.ku.ʁiʁ/
  • Audio(file)

Verb

encourir

  1. (transitive) to incur (to expose oneself to something inconvenient)
    • 2020 June 19, “Stopper la haine sur Internet”, in Le Monde‎:
      Selon leur décision, ces difficultés d’appréciation combinées au fort montant des amendes encourues « ne peuvent qu’inciter les opérateurs (…) à retirer les contenus qui leur sont signalés, qu’ils soient ou non manifestement illicites ».
      According to their decision, these difficulties of assessment combined with the high fines incurred "can only encourage operators (...) to remove content reported to them, whether or not it is manifestly illegal".
  2. (transitive) to run [the risk], to bring upon (something unfavourable)
    encourir le risque d’être rattrapé ― run the risk of being caught

Conjugation

This verb is conjugated like other regular -ir verbs, except that in the conditional and future tenses an extra 'r' is added to the end of the stem and the past participle ends in -u. All verb ending in -courir are conjugated this way.

Conjugation of encourir (see also Appendix:French verbs)
infinitive simple encourir
compound avoir + past participle
present participle or gerund1 simple encourant
/ɑ̃.ku.ʁɑ̃/
compound ayant + past participle
past participle encouru
/ɑ̃.ku.ʁy/
singular plural
first second third first second third
indicative je (j’) tu il, elle, on nous vous ils, elles
(simple
tenses)		 present encours
/ɑ̃.kuʁ/		 encours
/ɑ̃.kuʁ/		 encourt
/ɑ̃.kuʁ/		 encourons
/ɑ̃.ku.ʁɔ̃/		 encourez
/ɑ̃.ku.ʁe/		 encourent
/ɑ̃.kuʁ/
imperfect encourais
/ɑ̃.ku.ʁɛ/		 encourais
/ɑ̃.ku.ʁɛ/		 encourait
/ɑ̃.ku.ʁɛ/		 encourions
/ɑ̃.ku.ʁjɔ̃/		 encouriez
/ɑ̃.ku.ʁje/		 encouraient
/ɑ̃.ku.ʁɛ/
past historic2 encourus
/ɑ̃.ku.ʁy/		 encourus
/ɑ̃.ku.ʁy/		 encourut
/ɑ̃.ku.ʁy/		 encourûmes
/ɑ̃.ku.ʁym/		 encourûtes
/ɑ̃.ku.ʁyt/		 encoururent
/ɑ̃.ku.ʁyʁ/
future encourrai
/ɑ̃.kuʁ.ʁe/		 encourras
/ɑ̃.kuʁ.ʁa/		 encourra
/ɑ̃.kuʁ.ʁa/		 encourrons
/ɑ̃.kuʁ.ʁɔ̃/		 encourrez
/ɑ̃.kuʁ.ʁe/		 encourront
/ɑ̃.kuʁ.ʁɔ̃/
conditional encourrais
/ɑ̃.kuʁ.ʁɛ/		 encourrais
/ɑ̃.kuʁ.ʁɛ/		 encourrait
/ɑ̃.kuʁ.ʁɛ/		 encourrions
/ɑ̃.kuʁ.ʁjɔ̃/		 encourriez
/ɑ̃.kuʁ.ʁje/		 encourraient
/ɑ̃.kuʁ.ʁɛ/
(compound
tenses)		 present perfect present indicative of avoir + past participle
pluperfect imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle
past anterior2 past historic of avoir + past participle
future perfect future of avoir + past participle
conditional perfect conditional of avoir + past participle
subjunctive que je (j’) que tu qu’il, qu’elle que nous que vous qu’ils, qu’elles
(simple
tenses)		 present encoure
/ɑ̃.kuʁ/		 encoures
/ɑ̃.kuʁ/		 encoure
/ɑ̃.kuʁ/		 encourions
/ɑ̃.ku.ʁjɔ̃/		 encouriez
/ɑ̃.ku.ʁje/		 encourent
/ɑ̃.kuʁ/
imperfect2 encourusse
/ɑ̃.ku.ʁys/		 encourusses
/ɑ̃.ku.ʁys/		 encourût
/ɑ̃.ku.ʁy/		 encourussions
/ɑ̃.ku.ʁy.sjɔ̃/		 encourussiez
/ɑ̃.ku.ʁy.sje/		 encourussent
/ɑ̃.ku.ʁys/
(compound
tenses)		 past present subjunctive of avoir + past participle
pluperfect2 imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle
imperative – tu – nous vous –
simple — encours
/ɑ̃.kuʁ/		 — encourons
/ɑ̃.ku.ʁɔ̃/		 encourez
/ɑ̃.ku.ʁe/		 —
compound — simple imperative of avoir + past participle — simple imperative of avoir + past participle simple imperative of avoir + past participle —
1 The French gerund is usable only with the preposition en.
2 In less formal writing or speech, these tenses may be found to have been replaced in the following way:
  • past historic → present perfect
  • past anterior → pluperfect
  • imperfect subjunctive → present subjunctive
  • pluperfect subjunctive → past subjunctive

(Christopher Kendris [1995], Master the Basics: French, pp. 77, 78, 79, 81).

Quotations
  • For quotations using this term, see Citations:encourir.

Further reading

Anagrams
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