castro

See also: Castro, castró, and castrò

Catalan

Verb

castro

  1. first-person singular present indicative of castrar

Galician
Castro de Viladonga, aerial view
Castro de Baroña

Alternative forms

Etymology

From Old Galician-Portuguese castro, from Latin castrum. Cognate with Portuguese castro, Spanish castro. See also alcázar, borrowed from Spanish, which entered through Arabic.

Pronunciation
  • IPA(key): /ˈkastɾo̝/

Noun

castro m (plural castros)

  1. a local fortified Iron Age village, of which some 3,000 are known in Galicia
  2. (by extension) any fortified archaeological site

Derived terms

See also

References
  • “castro” in Dicionario de Dicionarios do galego medieval, SLI - ILGA 2006–2022.
  • “castro” in Xavier Varela Barreiro & Xavier Gómez Guinovart: Corpus Xelmírez - Corpus lingüístico da Galicia medieval. SLI / Grupo TALG / ILG, 2006–2018.
  • “castro” in Dicionario de Dicionarios da lingua galega, SLI - ILGA 2006–2013.
  • “castro” in Tesouro informatizado da lingua galega. Santiago: ILG.
  • “castro” in Álvarez, Rosario (coord.): Tesouro do léxico patrimonial galego e portugués, Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega.

Italian

Verb

castro

  1. first-person singular present indicative of castrare

Anagrams

Latin

Etymology

From Proto-Italic *kastrāō, denominative in -ō perhaps from a lost instrumental noun, Proto-Italic *kastrom (“knife”), from Proto-Indo-European *ḱos-tróm (“cutting tool, knife”), from Proto-Indo-European *ḱes- (“to cut up, to slaughter”); compare Sanskrit शस्त्र (śastra, “sword, dagger”).[1] See also castrum, careō.

Pronunciation

Verb

castrō (present infinitive castrāre, perfect active castrāvī, supine castrātum); first conjugation

  1. to prune
  2. to amputate
  3. to punish
  4. to purge
  5. to castrate or spay
    • Late 8th century, unknown author, Lex Frisionum:
      Qui fanum effregerit, et ibi aliquid de sacris tulerit, ducitur ad mare et in sabulo quod accessus maris operire solet, finduntur aures eius et castratur, et immolatur diis quorum templa violavit.
      The person who breaks into a temple and takes away some of its holy contents shall be taken to the sea, to that part of the sand that is covered during flood, where his ears shall be torn and he shall be castrated and be sacrificed to the gods whose temple he violated.
  6. to dock (a tail)

Conjugation
   Conjugation of castrō (first conjugation)
indicative singular plural
first second third first second third
active present castrō castrās castrat castrāmus castrātis castrant
imperfect castrābam castrābās castrābat castrābāmus castrābātis castrābant
future castrābō castrābis castrābit castrābimus castrābitis castrābunt
perfect castrāvī castrāvistī castrāvit castrāvimus castrāvistis castrāvērunt,
castrāvēre
pluperfect castrāveram castrāverās castrāverat castrāverāmus castrāverātis castrāverant
future perfect castrāverō castrāveris castrāverit castrāverimus castrāveritis castrāverint
passive present castror castrāris,
castrāre		 castrātur castrāmur castrāminī castrantur
imperfect castrābar castrābāris,
castrābāre		 castrābātur castrābāmur castrābāminī castrābantur
future castrābor castrāberis,
castrābere		 castrābitur castrābimur castrābiminī castrābuntur
perfect castrātus + present active indicative of sum
pluperfect castrātus + imperfect active indicative of sum
future perfect castrātus + future active indicative of sum
subjunctive singular plural
first second third first second third
active present castrem castrēs castret castrēmus castrētis castrent
imperfect castrārem castrārēs castrāret castrārēmus castrārētis castrārent
perfect castrāverim castrāverīs castrāverit castrāverīmus castrāverītis castrāverint
pluperfect castrāvissem castrāvissēs castrāvisset castrāvissēmus castrāvissētis castrāvissent
passive present castrer castrēris,
castrēre		 castrētur castrēmur castrēminī castrentur
imperfect castrārer castrārēris,
castrārēre		 castrārētur castrārēmur castrārēminī castrārentur
perfect castrātus + present active subjunctive of sum
pluperfect castrātus + imperfect active subjunctive of sum
imperative singular plural
first second third first second third
active present — castrā — — castrāte —
future — castrātō castrātō — castrātōte castrantō
passive present — castrāre — — castrāminī —
future — castrātor castrātor — — castrantor
non-finite forms active passive
present perfect future present perfect future
infinitives castrāre castrāvisse castrātūrum esse castrārī castrātum esse castrātum īrī
participles castrāns — castrātūrus — castrātus castrandus
verbal nouns gerund supine
genitive dative accusative ablative accusative ablative
castrandī castrandō castrandum castrandō castrātum castrātū

Derived terms

Descendants

Many reflexes show rhotic metathesis and/or crossing with crista.

References
  1. De Vaan, Michiel (2008) “castrō”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 97

Further reading
  • “castro”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
  • “castro”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
  • castro in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
  • castro in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.

Portuguese
castro

Pronunciation
 
  • (Brazil) IPA(key): /ˈkas.tɾu/
    • (Rio de Janeiro) IPA(key): /ˈkaʃ.tɾu/
    • (Southern Brazil) IPA(key): /ˈkas.tɾo/

  • Rhymes: (Brazil) -astɾu, (Portugal, Rio de Janeiro) -aʃtɾu
  • Homophone: Castro
  • Hyphenation: cas‧tro

Etymology 1

From Old Galician-Portuguese castro, from Latin castrum, from Proto-Indo-European *kes- (“to cut, cut off, separate”). Cognate with Galician and Spanish castro. Doublet of alcácer, via Arabic.

Alternative forms

Noun

castro m (plural castros)

  1. fort (of Roman or prehistoric origin)
  2. a fortified pre-Roman Iron Age village frequently found in the northwestern regions of the Iberian Peninsula
Derived terms
See also
  • cividade
  • citânia

Etymology 2

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

Verb

castro

  1. first-person singular present indicative of castrar

Spanish

Pronunciation
  • IPA(key): /ˈkastɾo/ [ˈkas.t̪ɾo]
  • Rhymes: -astɾo
  • Syllabification: cas‧tro

Etymology 1

Borrowed from Latin castrum. Also survives natively in several Spanish toponyms. Doublet of alcázar, which came through Arabic.

Noun

castro m (plural castros)

  1. fort, fortified settlement

Etymology 2

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

Verb

castro

  1. first-person singular present indicative of castrar

Further reading
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