caill

Irish

Pronunciation

Etymology 1

From Old Irish coillid (“destroys”), from coll (“destruction”), from Proto-Celtic *koldom (compare Welsh coll (“defect, loss”)), from Proto-Indo-European *kold- (“strike, cut”) (compare Old English healtian (“limp”)).

Verb

caill (present analytic cailleann, future analytic caillfidh, verbal noun cailleadh, past participle caillte)

  1. lose
  2. (euphemistic, in autonomous forms) die
    Synonyms: básaigh, éag, faigh bás, síothlaigh
    Cailleadh sa chogadh é
    He died in the war (literally “He was lost in the war”)
Conjugation
conjugation of caill (first conjugation – A)
singular plural relative autonomous
first second third first second third
indicative present caillim cailleann tú;
caillir†		 cailleann sé, sí caillimid cailleann sibh cailleann siad;
caillid†		 a chailleann; a chailleas /
a gcailleann*; a gcailleas*		 cailltear
past chaill mé; chailleas chaill tú; chaillis chaill sé, sí chailleamar; chaill muid chaill sibh; chailleabhair chaill siad; chailleadar a chaill /
ar chaill*		 cailleadh
past habitual chaillinn / gcaillinn‡‡ chaillteá / gcaillteᇇ chailleadh sé, sí / gcailleadh sé, s퇇 chaillimis; chailleadh muid / gcaillimis‡‡; gcailleadh muid‡‡ chailleadh sibh / gcailleadh sibh‡‡ chaillidís; chailleadh siad / gcaillidís‡‡; gcailleadh siad‡‡ a chailleadh /
a gcailleadh*		 chailltí / gcaillt퇇
future caillfidh mé;
caillfead		 caillfidh tú;
caillfir†		 caillfidh sé, sí caillfimid;
caillfidh muid		 caillfidh sibh caillfidh siad;
caillfid†		 a chaillfidh; a chaillfeas /
a gcaillfidh*; a gcaillfeas*		 caillfear
conditional chaillfinn / gcaillfinn‡‡ chaillfeá / gcaillfeᇇ chaillfeadh sé, sí / gcaillfeadh sé, s퇇 chaillfimis; chaillfeadh muid / gcaillfimis‡‡; gcaillfeadh muid‡‡ chaillfeadh sibh / gcaillfeadh sibh‡‡ chaillfidís; chaillfeadh siad / gcaillfidís‡‡; gcaillfeadh siad‡‡ a chaillfeadh /
a gcaillfeadh*		 chaillfí / gcaillf퇇
subjunctive present go gcaille mé;
go gcaillead†		 go gcaille tú;
go gcaillir†		 go gcaille sé, sí go gcaillimid;
go gcaille muid		 go gcaille sibh go gcaille siad;
go gcaillid†		 — go gcailltear
past dá gcaillinn dá gcaillteá dá gcailleadh sé, sí dá gcaillimis;
dá gcailleadh muid		 dá gcailleadh sibh dá gcaillidís;
dá gcailleadh siad		 — dá gcailltí
imperative caillim caill cailleadh sé, sí caillimis cailligí;
caillidh†		 caillidís — cailltear
verbal noun cailleadh
past participle caillte

* indirect relative
† archaic or dialect form
‡‡ dependent form used with particles that trigger eclipsis

Etymology 2

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

Noun

caill

  1. vocative/genitive singular of call

Mutation
Irish mutation
Radical Lenition Eclipsis
caill chaill gcaill
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs.

Old Irish

Etymology

From Proto-Celtic *kallī.

Noun

caill f (genitive caille)

  1. forest, wood, woodland

Inflection
Feminine ī-stem
Singular Dual Plural
Nominative caillL caillL cailliH
Vocative caillL caillL cailliH
Accusative caillN caillL cailliH
Genitive cailleH cailleL cailleN
Dative caillL caillib caillib
Initial mutations of a following adjective:
  • H = triggers aspiration
  • L = triggers lenition
  • N = triggers nasalization

Descendants
  • Irish: coill
  • Manx: keyll
  • Scottish Gaelic: coille

Mutation
Old Irish mutation
RadicalLenitionNasalization
caill chaill caill
pronounced with /ɡ(ʲ)-/
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every
possible mutated form of every word actually occurs.

References
  1. Matasović, Ranko (2009) Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN

Scottish Gaelic

Pronunciation
  • IPA(key): /kʰaiʎ/

Etymology 1

From Old Irish coillid (“destroys”), from coll (“destruction”), from Proto-Celtic *koldo-, from Proto-Indo-European *kold- (“strike, cut”).

Verb

caill (past chaill, future caillidh, verbal noun call, past participle caillte)

  1. lose
  2. miss (train, etc.)
  3. forfeit
  4. (obsolete) name, call
  5. (obsolete) emasculate

Etymology 2

Borrowed from Latin cōleus.

Noun

caill m

  1. (anatomy, obsolete) testicle

Mutation
Scottish Gaelic mutation
Radical Lenition
caillchaill
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs.

Welsh

Etymology

From Middle Welsh keill, from Proto-Brythonic *köll (compare Breton and Cornish kell), from Latin coleus, from Ancient Greek κολεός (koleós).

Pronunciation
  • IPA(key): /kai̯ɬ/
  • Rhymes: -ai̯ɬ

Noun

caill f (plural ceilliau)

  1. (anatomy) testicle

Derived terms

Mutation
Welsh mutation
radical soft nasal aspirate
caill gaill nghaill chaill
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs.
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