cadw

Welsh

Etymology

From Proto-Celtic *kat-wo-, from Proto-Indo-European *kadʰ- (“to protect”). Cognate with English hat, English heed, Latin cassis.[1]

Pronunciation

Verb

cadw (first-person singular present cadwaf)

  1. to keep
  2. to book (reserve)
  3. (computing) to save

Conjugation
Conjugation (literary)
singular plural impersonal
first second third first second third
present indicative/future cadwaf cedwi ceidw cadwn cedwch cadwant cedwir
imperfect (indicative/subjunctive)/conditional cadwn cadwit cadwai cadwem cadwech cadwent cedwid
preterite cedwais cedwaist cadwodd cadwasom cadwasoch cadwasant cadwyd
pluperfect cadwaswn cadwasit cadwasai cadwasem cadwasech cadwasent cadwasid, cadwesid
present subjunctive cadwyf cedwych cadwo cadwom cadwoch cadwont cadwer
imperative — cadw, cadwa cadwed cadwn cedwch cadwent cadwer
verbal noun cadw
verbal adjectives cadwedig
cadwadwy
Conjugation (colloquial)
Inflected colloquial forms singular plural
first second third first second third
future cadwa i, cadwaf i cadwi di cadwith o/e/hi, cadwiff e/hi cadwn ni cadwch chi cadwan nhw
conditional cadwn i, cadwswn i cadwet ti, cadwset ti cadwai fo/fe/hi, cadwsai fo/fe/hi cadwen ni, cadwsen ni cadwech chi, cadwsech chi cadwen nhw, cadwsen nhw
preterite cadwais i, cadwes i cadwaist ti, cadwest ti cadwodd o/e/hi cadwon ni cadwoch chi cadwon nhw
imperative — cadwa — — cadwch —
Note: All other forms are periphrastic, as usual in colloquial Welsh.
  • Alternative third-person singular subjunctive (literary): cato

Derived terms
  • cadw draw (“to keep away”)
  • cadw-mi-gei (“money box”)
  • cadwraeth (“conservation”)
  • ceidwad (“keeper”)
  • gwarchod (“to guard”)
  • cadw draenog yn boced un (“to be tightfisted, mean with money”, literally “to keep a hedgehog in one's pocket”)

Mutation
Welsh mutation
radical soft nasal aspirate
cadw gadw nghadw chadw
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs.

References
  1. Morris Jones, John (1913) A Welsh Grammar, Historical and Comparative, Oxford: Clarendon Press, § 202 v

Further reading
  • R. J. Thomas, G. A. Bevan, P. J. Donovan, A. Hawke et al., editors (1950–present), “cadwaf”, in Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru Online (in Welsh), University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh & Celtic Studies
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