amarus
See also: āmarus
Latin
Etymology
From Proto-Indo-European *h₃em-, *h₂eh₃m- (“bitter, raw”). Cognate with Sanskrit आम (āmá, “raw, immature”), Ancient Greek ὠμός (ōmós, “raw, crude”).[1]
Pronunciation
- (Classical) IPA(key): /aˈmaː.rus/, [äˈmäːrʊs̠]
- (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA(key): /aˈma.rus/, [äˈmäːrus]
Adjective
amārus (feminine amāra, neuter amārum, comparative amārior, superlative amārissimus, adverb amāriter); first/second-declension adjective
- bitter (taste)
- harsh, shrill (sound)
- sarcastic (speech)
- sour, morose (conduct or behavior)
- dire, woeful, terrible
- From the responsory Libera me:
- Diēs illa, diēs irae, calamitātis et miseriae, diēs magna et amāra valdē.
- That day, day of wrath, of calamity and of misery, that great and exceedingly terrible day.
- From the responsory Libera me:
Declension
First/second-declension adjective.
| Number | Singular | Plural | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Case / Gender | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter | |
| Nominative | amārus | amāra | amārum | amārī | amārae | amāra | |
| Genitive | amārī | amārae | amārī | amārōrum | amārārum | amārōrum | |
| Dative | amārō | amārō | amārīs | ||||
| Accusative | amārum | amāram | amārum | amārōs | amārās | amāra | |
| Ablative | amārō | amārā | amārō | amārīs | |||
| Vocative | amāre | amāra | amārum | amārī | amārae | amāra | |
Derived terms
Related terms
Descendants
- Balkan Romance:
- Dalmatian:
- Italo-Romance:
- North Italian:
- Gallo-Romance:
- Occitano-Romance:
- Ibero-Romance:
- Borrowings:
- →⇒ Byzantine Greek: *ἀμαρούλιον (*amaroúlion), μαρούλιον (maroúlion) (see there for further descendants)
References
- “amarus”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- “amarus”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
- amarus in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
- amarus in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
- Pokorny, Julius (1959) Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 3, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, page 777
- De Vaan, Michiel (2008) “amārus”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 37
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