-ök

See also: ök and Appendix:Variations of "ok"

Hungarian

Pronunciation
  • IPA(key): [øk]
  • Rhymes: -øk

Etymology 1

From -ö- (linking vowel) +‎ -k (plural suffix).

Suffix

-ök

  1. (plural suffix) -s, -es
    ‎kör (“circle”) + ‎-ök → ‎körök (“circles”)
    ‎bűn (“sin”) + ‎-ök → ‎bűnök (“sins”)
Usage notes
  • (plural suffix) Variants:
    -k is added to words ending in a vowel. Final -a changes to -á-. Final -e changes to -é-.
    ‎nő (“woman”) + ‎-k → ‎nők (“women”)
    ‎fa (“tree”) + ‎-k → ‎fák (“trees”)
    ‎csésze (“cup”) + ‎-k → ‎csészék (“cups”)
    -ak is added to some back-vowel words ending in a consonant:
    ‎ház (“house”) + ‎-ak → ‎házak (“houses”)
    -ok is added to most back-vowel words ending in a consonant:
    ‎pad (“bench”) + ‎-ok → ‎padok (“benches”)
    -ek is added to unrounded (and some rounded) front-vowel words ending in a consonant:
    ‎kert (“garden”) + ‎-ek → ‎kertek (“gardens”)
    ‎könyv (“book”) + ‎-ek → ‎könyvek (“books”)
    Lua error in Module:utilities at line 142: attempt to perform arithmetic on local 'h' (a nil value) is added to most rounded front-vowel words ending in a consonant:
    ‎kör (“circle”) + ‎-ök → ‎körök (“circles”)
  • Note that the plural form is not used after definite and indefinite numerals in Hungarian: három könyv (“three books”), néhány óra múlva (“in a few hours’ time”). There are very few (traditional, archaic) exceptions, including háromkirályok (“the Three Magi”), mindenszentek (“All Saints”), and certain archaic phrases with összes (“all”) and minden (“every”) (see their Usage notes).
  • The regular plural suffix for back-vowel adjectives is -ak, for example okosak (“smart/clever ones”). On the other hand, ethnonyms take -ok (e.g. olaszok (“Italians”), see the back-vowel terms in their category), as well as some other adjectives, including privative (“…-less”) ones (formed with -talan, -atlan, or -tlan). Rounded front-vowel adjectives normally take -ek, for example zöldek (“green ones”), except for demonyms (see rounded front-vowel terms in their category).
  • If a word can be both a noun and an adjective, the form of its ending gives information about its function, e.g. játékosok (“players”, noun) and játékosak (“playful”, adjective as part of a plural predicate). The same distinction also exists with words with rounded front vowels, e.g. ismerős: ismerősök (“acquaintances”, noun) and ismerősek (“familiar”, adjective as part of a plural predicate).

Etymology 2

From -ö- (linking vowel) +‎ -k (personal suffix).

Suffix

-ök

  1. (personal suffix) Forms the first-person singular present tense of verbs (indicative mood, indefinite conjugation).
    ‎böjtöl (“to fast”) + ‎-ök → ‎böjtölök (“I fast, I am fasting”)
Usage notes
    Present tense indefinite – personal suffixes
Person Back
    vowel    		 Front vowel
unrounded   rounded  
én 1st person singular -ok -ek -ök
-ik verbs (optional) -om -em -öm
te 2nd person singular -sz
after two consonants or a long vowel + t -asz -esz
after s, sz, z, dz -ol -el -öl
ő
maga
ön		 3rd person singular –
-ik verbs -ik
mi 1st person plural -unk -ünk
ti 2nd person plural -tok -tek -tök
after two consonants or a long vowel + t -otok -etek -ötök
ők
maguk
önök		 3rd person plural -nak -nek
after two consonants or a long vowel + t -anak -enek
See also: present-tense definite-object suffixes and
second-person-object suffixes for informal addressing.
  • (personal suffix) Variants:
    -ok is added to back-vowel verbs
    -ek is added to unrounded front-vowel verbs
    -ök is added to rounded front-vowel verbs
    -om may be added to back-vowel -ik verbs
    -em may be added to unrounded front-vowel -ik verbs
    -öm may be added to rounded front-vowel -ik verbs

See also
  • Category:Hungarian noun forms
  • Category:Hungarian verb forms
  • Appendix:Hungarian suffixes
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