躬

躬	U+8EAC, 躬 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-8EAC

← 身
[U+8EAB]

CJK Unified Ideographs

躭 →
[U+8EAD]

Translingual

Han character

躬 (Kangxi radical 158, 身+3, 10 strokes, cangjie input 竹竹弓 (HHN), four-corner 2722₇, composition ⿰身弓)

Derived characters

𡺺, 窮, 匑

References

Kangxi Dictionary: page 1237, character 4

Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 38038

Dae Jaweon: page 1710, character 4

Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 6, page 3808, character 8

Unihan data for U+8EAC

Chinese

trad.		躬
simp. ^#		躬

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (躬) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
躬	*kuŋ
匑	kuŋ, kʰuŋ
躳	*kuŋ
窮	*ɡuŋ
藭	*ɡuŋ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kuŋ) : semantic 身 (“body”) + phonetic 弓 (OC *kʷɯŋ).

Etymology

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *guŋ (“body, back”). Compare Burmese အကောင် (a.kaung, “body”).

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): gōng (gong¹)

(Zhuyin): ㄍㄨㄥ
Cantonese (Jyutping): gung¹
Gan (Wiktionary): gung¹
Hakka
(Sixian, PFS): kiûng

(Meixian, Guangdong): giung¹
Jin (Wiktionary): gung¹
Northern Min (KCR): gé̤ng
Eastern Min (BUC): gṳ̆ng
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): kiong

(Teochew, Peng'im): giong¹
Wu (Wugniu)
- (Northern): ¹kon
Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): gen¹

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: gōng
  - Zhuyin: ㄍㄨㄥ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: gong
  - Wade–Giles: kung¹
  - Yale: gūng
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: gong
  - Palladius: гун (gun)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʊŋ⁵⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: gung¹
  - Yale: gūng
  - Cantonese Pinyin: gung¹
  - Guangdong Romanization: gung¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʊŋ⁵⁵/
Gan
- (Nanchang)
  - Wiktionary: gung¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kuŋ⁴²/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: kiûng
  - Hakka Romanization System: giung´
  - Hagfa Pinyim: giung¹
  - Sinological IPA: /ki̯uŋ²⁴/
- (Meixian)
  - Guangdong: giung¹
  - Sinological IPA: /kiʊŋ⁴⁴/
Jin
- (Taiyuan)⁺
  - Wiktionary: gung¹
  - Sinological IPA (old-style): /kũŋ¹¹/
Northern Min
- (Jian'ou)
  - Kienning Colloquial Romanized: gé̤ng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kœyŋ⁵⁴/
Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: gṳ̆ng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kyŋ⁵⁵/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kiong
  - Tâi-lô: kiong
  - Phofsit Daibuun: kiofng
  - IPA (Xiamen): /kiɔŋ⁴⁴/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /kiɔŋ³³/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /kiɔŋ⁴⁴/
  - IPA (Taipei): /kiɔŋ⁴⁴/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /kiɔŋ⁴⁴/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: giong¹
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: kiong
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kioŋ³³/
Wu
- (Shanghai):
  - Wugniu: ¹kon
  - MiniDict: kon^平
  - Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ¹kon
  - Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /koŋ⁵³/
Xiang
- (Changsha)
  - Wiktionary: gen¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kən³³/

Middle Chinese: kjuwng

Rime
Character	躬
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	見 (28)
Final (韻)	東 (2)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	居戎切
Baxter	kjuwng
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/kɨuŋ/
Pan Wuyun	/kiuŋ/
Shao Rongfen	/kiuŋ/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/kuwŋ/
Li Rong	/kiuŋ/
Wang Li	/kĭuŋ/
Bernard Karlgren	/ki̯uŋ/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	jiōng
Expected Cantonese Reflex	gung¹

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*k(r)uŋ/

(Zhengzhang): /*kuŋ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	躬
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	gōng
Middle Chinese	‹ kjuwng ›
Old Chinese	/*k(r)uŋ/
English	body, person
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	躬
Reading #	1/1
No.	4141
Phonetic component	躬
Rime group	終
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	弓
Old Chinese	/*kuŋ/
Notes	同躳

Definitions

躬

body
鞠躬 ― jūgōng ― to bow (literally, “to bend one’s body”)
oneself
in person; personally
- 臣本布衣，躬耕於南陽。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
  臣本布衣，躬耕于南阳。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]
  From: 227, 諸葛亮 (Zhūgě Liàng) (Zhuge Liang), 前出師表 (Former Chu Shi Biao)
  Chén běn bùyī, gōng gēng yú Nányáng. [Pinyin]
  I was originally a commoner. I personally farmed in Nanyang.
- 童子何知？躬逢勝餞。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
  童子何知？躬逢胜饯。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]
  From: late 7th century CE, 王勃 (Wang Bo), 滕王閣序 (Preface to the Prince Teng Pavilion)
  Tóngzǐ hé zhī? Gōng féng shèng jiàn. [Pinyin]
  As a child, what do I know? Yet I was able to personally attend this magnificent feast.
to stoop

Compounds

三鞠躬
事必躬親／事必躬亲 (shìbìgōngqīn)
倒笏躬身
匪躬
匪躬之操
匪躬之節／匪躬之节
卑躬屈節／卑躬屈节 (bēigōng-qūjié)
卑躬屈膝 (bēigōng-qūxī)
反躬 (fǎngōng)
反躬自問／反躬自问 (fǎngōngzìwèn)
反躬自省 (fǎngōngzìxǐng)
反躬自責／反躬自责
引咎責躬／引咎责躬
打躬 (dǎgōng)
打躬作揖
控背躬身
撫躬自問／抚躬自问 (fǔgōngzìwèn)
政躬
政躬康泰
整躬率物
斂躬／敛躬
曲躬躬
朕躬 (zhèngōng)
末躬
治躬
盡瘁鞠躬／尽瘁鞠躬
直躬
直躬之信
福躬
節儉躬行／节俭躬行
聖躬／圣躬 (shènggōng)
背躬
責躬省過／责躬省过
躬先士卒
躬先表率
躬圭
躬往
躬擐甲冑
躬桑
躬稼
躬耕 (gōnggēng)
躬耕樂道／躬耕乐道
躬自 (gōngzì)
躬自菲薄
躬行
躬行實踐／躬行实践
躬行節儉／躬行节俭
躬親／躬亲 (gōngqīn)
躬詣／躬诣
躬蹈矢石
躬身
躬逢其盛
躬逢目擊／躬逢目击
躬體力行／躬体力行
返躬內省／返躬内省
鞠躬 (jūgōng)
鞠躬盡瘁／鞠躬尽瘁 (jūgōngjìncuì)
飭躬／饬躬

Japanese

Kanji

躬

(uncommon “Hyōgai” kanji)

body
self

Readings

Go-on: く (ku); くう (kū)
Kan-on: きゅう (kyū)^{←きゆう (kyuu, historical)}
Kun: み (mi, 躬); みずから (mizukara, 躬)^{←みづから (midukara, 躬, historical)}; みずからする (mizukarasuru, 躬する)^{←みづからする (midukarasuru, 躬する, historical)}

Korean

Hanja

躬 • (gung) (hangeul 궁, revised gung, McCune–Reischauer kung, Yale kwung)

body
personally, in person

Vietnamese

Han character

躬: Hán Nôm readings: cung, còng

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