築

See also: 筑

築	U+7BC9, 築 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-7BC9

← 篈
[U+7BC8]

CJK Unified Ideographs

篊 →
[U+7BCA]

築	U+2F963, 築 CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F963

← 篆
[U+2F962]

CJK Compatibility Ideographs Supplement

䈧 →
[U+2F964]

Translingual

Han character

築 (Kangxi radical 118, 竹+10, 16 strokes, cangjie input 竹一弓木 (HMND), four-corner 8890₄, composition ⿱筑木)

Derived characters

𭣊, 𭬬

References

Kangxi Dictionary: page 892, character 18
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 26298
Dae Jaweon: page 1320, character 28
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 5, page 2998, character 4
Unihan data for U+7BC9
Unihan data for U+2F963

Chinese

trad.		築
simp.		筑^*

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (竹) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
竺	tuːɡ, tuːɡ, *tuɡ
篤	*tuːɡ
竹	*tuɡ
筑	tuɡ, duɡ
築	*tuɡ
茿	*tuɡ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *tuɡ) : phonetic 筑 (OC *tuɡ, *duɡ) + semantic 木 (“wood”).

Etymology

According to STEDT, from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *tsuk ~ tsik (“to build”); cognate with Tibetan རྩིག (rtsig, “to build”), Proto-Lolo-Burmese *ʔtsukᴴ (“to build”) (whence Burmese ဆောက် (hcauk, “to build”)).

On the other hand, Schuessler (2007) derives this from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *truk, whence also Tibetan རྡུག (rdug, “to conquer; to vanquish”) and Burmese တိုက် (tuik, “to dash against; to bump against”). STEDT derives the Tibetan word from Proto-Tibeto-Burman *m/r-tuk (“cut; knock; pound”).

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): zhù, zhú

(Zhuyin): ㄓㄨˋ, ㄓㄨˊ
Cantonese (Jyutping): zuk¹
Hakka
(Sixian, PFS): chuk

(Meixian, Guangdong): zug⁵
Eastern Min (BUC): dé̤ṳk
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): tiok / tio̍k

(Teochew, Peng'im): dog⁴

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese, Mainland)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: zhù
  - Zhuyin: ㄓㄨˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: jhù
  - Wade–Giles: chu⁴
  - Yale: jù
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: juh
  - Palladius: чжу (čžu)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʈ͡ʂu⁵¹/
- (Standard Chinese, Taiwan)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: zhú
  - Zhuyin: ㄓㄨˊ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: jhú
  - Wade–Giles: chu²
  - Yale: jú
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jwu
  - Palladius: чжу (čžu)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʈ͡ʂu³⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: zuk¹
  - Yale: jūk
  - Cantonese Pinyin: dzuk⁷
  - Guangdong Romanization: zug¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʊk̚⁵/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: chuk
  - Hakka Romanization System: zug`
  - Hagfa Pinyim: zug⁵
  - Sinological IPA: /t͡suk̚²/
- (Meixian)
  - Guangdong: zug⁵
  - Sinological IPA: /t͡sʊk̚¹/
Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: dé̤ṳk
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /tøyʔ²⁴/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, Jinjiang, variant in Taiwan)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: tiok
  - Tâi-lô: tiok
  - Phofsit Daibuun: diog
  - IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Taipei, Kaohsiung): /tiɔk̚³²/
  - IPA (Quanzhou, Jinjiang): /tiɔk̚⁵/
- (Hokkien: General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: tio̍k
  - Tâi-lô: tio̍k
  - Phofsit Daibuun: diok
  - IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /tiɔk̚⁴/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: dog⁴
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tok
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /tok̚²/

Middle Chinese: trjuwk

Rime
Character	築
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	知 (9)
Final (韻)	屋 (4)
Tone (調)	Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	張六切
Baxter	trjuwk
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ʈɨuk̚/
Pan Wuyun	/ʈiuk̚/
Shao Rongfen	/ȶiuk̚/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ʈuwk̚/
Li Rong	/ȶiuk̚/
Wang Li	/ȶĭuk̚/
Bernard Karlgren	/ȶi̯uk̚/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	zhu
Expected Cantonese Reflex	zuk¹

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*truk/

(Zhengzhang): /*tuɡ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	築
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	zhù
Middle Chinese	‹ trjuwk ›
Old Chinese	/*truk/
English	pound earth, build
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	築
Reading #	1/1
No.	17591
Phonetic component	竹
Rime group	覺
Rime subdivision	1
Corresponding MC rime	竹
Old Chinese	/*tuɡ/
Notes	說文築聲

Definitions

築

(literary) wooden pestle for pounding dirt
(literary) to pound soil to make it firm; to ram earth
to build; to construct
(literary, or in compounds) house; building
a surname

Synonyms

(to build):

修建 (xiūjiàn)
修築／修筑 (xiūzhù)
塑建 (sùjiàn)
建構／建构 (jiàngòu) (something abstract)
建築／建筑 (jiànzhù) (literally or figuratively)
建設／建设 (jiànshè)
建造 (jiànzào)
搭 (Hokkien)
搭建 (dājiàn)
搭蓋／搭盖 (dāgài) (a temporary structure)
架構／架构 (jiàgòu)
構作／构作 (gòuzuò)
構建／构建 (gòujiàn) (something abstract)
構築／构筑 (gòuzhù)
構造／构造 (gòuzào)
營造／营造 (yíngzào)
版築／版筑 (bǎnzhù) (literary)
築造／筑造 (zhùzào)
興修／兴修 (xīngxiū) (a large project)
興建／兴建 (xīngjiàn)
興築／兴筑 (xīngzhù) (literary)
起立 (qǐlì)

Compounds

修築／修筑 (xiūzhù)
傅說版築／傅说版筑
債臺高築／债台高筑 (zhàitáigāozhù)
卜築／卜筑
夯土建築／夯土建筑
小築／小筑
希臘建築／希腊建筑
建築／建筑 (jiànzhù)
建築執照／建筑执照
建築學／建筑学 (jiànzhùxué)
建築工程／建筑工程
建築師／建筑师 (jiànzhùshī)
建築材料／建筑材料 (jiànzhù cáiliào)
建築業／建筑业 (jiànzhùyè)
建築法規／建筑法规
建築物／建筑物 (jiànzhùwù)
板築／板筑 (bǎnzhù)
構築／构筑 (gòuzhù)
燕昭築臺／燕昭筑台
版築／版筑 (bǎnzhù)
版築飯牛／版筑饭牛
現代建築／现代建筑
畚築／畚筑
砌塊建築／砌块建筑
築堤／筑堤 (zhùdī)
築壇／筑坛
築壇拜將／筑坛拜将
築室／筑室
築室反耕／筑室反耕
築室道謀／筑室道谋
築巢／筑巢 (zhùcháo)
築底巷／筑底巷
築磕／筑磕
築築磕磕／筑筑磕磕
築路／筑路 (zhùlù)
羅馬建築／罗马建筑
興築／兴筑 (xīngzhù)
違章建築／违章建筑
闢築／辟筑

References

“築”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎, 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

Japanese

Kanji

築

(grade 5 “Kyōiku” kanji)

fabricate

Readings

Go-on: ちく (chiku, Jōyō)
Kan-on: ちく (chiku, Jōyō)
Kun: きずく (kizuku, 築く, Jōyō); つく (tsuku, 築く)
Nanori: つい (tsui); つき (tsuki); つく (tsuku); づき (zuki)

Korean

Hanja

築 (eumhun 쌓을 축 (ssa'eul chuk))

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese

Han character

築: Hán Nôm readings: trốc, trúc

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

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