急

急 U+6025, 急
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-6025
← 怤
[U+6024] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 怦 →
[U+6026]

Translingual
Stroke order
9 strokes

Han character

急 (Kangxi radical 61, 心+5, 9 strokes, cangjie input 弓一心 (NMP) or 弓尸心 (NSP), four-corner 27337, composition ⿱刍心)

References
  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 381, character 21
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 10475
  • Dae Jaweon: page 710, character 6
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2281, character 8
  • Unihan data for U+6025

Chinese
trad. 急
simp. # 急
alternative forms 㤂

Glyph origin
Historical forms of the character 急
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
Small seal script
Characters in the same phonetic series (及) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
趿 *sqʰɯːb
鈒 *sqʰɯːb, *sqʰrɯb
靸 *sqʰɯːb, *sqʰaːb
馺 *sqʰɯːb
砐 *ŋɡɯːb
魥 *ŋɡɯːb, *kʰab
扱 *skʰrɯːb
笈 *skʰrɯːb, *ɡrab, *ɡab, *ɡrɯb
衱 *ɡrab, *kab
极 *ɡrab, *ɡab
昅 *ɡab
雭 *sqʰrɯb
急 *krɯb
級 *krɯb
汲 *krɯb
芨 *krɯb
伋 *krɯb
彶 *krɯb
及 *ɡrɯb
岌 *ŋɡrɯb
吸 *qʰrɯb

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *krɯb) : phonetic 及 (OC *ɡrɯb) + semantic 心 (“heart”).

Etymology

Etymology not clear. Not a variant of 亟 (OC *kɯɡ, “urgent”) (Schuessler, 2007).

Pronunciation

Rime
Character 急
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 見 (28)
Final (韻) 緝 (142)
Tone (調) Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) III
Fanqie 居立切
Baxter kip
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		 /kˠiɪp̚/
Pan
Wuyun		 /kᵚip̚/
Shao
Rongfen		 /kiep̚/
Edwin
Pulleyblank		 /kjip̚/
Li
Rong		 /kjəp̚/
Wang
Li		 /kĭĕp̚/
Bernard
Karlgren		 /ki̯əp̚/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex		 ji
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex		 gap1
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 急
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)		 jí
Middle
Chinese		 ‹ kip ›
Old
Chinese		 /*[k](r)əp/
English urgent

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 急
Reading # 1/1
No. 5658
Phonetic
component		 及
Rime
group		 緝
Rime
subdivision		 1
Corresponding
MC rime		 急
Old
Chinese		 /*krɯb/

Definitions

急

  1. rapid; quick
    急病  ―  jíbìng  ―  acute illness
    水流很急  ―  shuǐliú hěn jí  ―  the current is rapid
  2. urgent; pressing; critical
    急事  ―  jíshì  ―  urgent matter
  3. urgency; emergency
    當務之急／当务之急  ―  dāngwùzhījí  ―  pressing matter of the moment
  4. to hurry; to hasten
    唔使急。 [Cantonese]  ―  m4 sai2 gap1. [Jyutping]  ―  There's no need to rush/hurry.
    急住返屋企 [Cantonese]  ―  gap1 zyu6 faan1 uk1 kei2 [Jyutping]  ―  hurrying to get home
    1. (specifically) to need to use the toilet urgently
  5. to be eager to help
    急公好義／急公好义  ―  jígōnghàoyì  ―  (please add an English translation of this usage example)
  6. irascible; hot-tempered
    急性子  ―  jíxìngzǐ  ―  impatient; impetuous
  7. to get angry; to take offense; to be ruffled
  8. to be anxious; to worry; to be worried

Synonyms
  • (rapid):
  • (urgent):
  • (to get angry):
  • (to be anxious):

Antonyms
  • (antonym(s) of “rapid”): 緩／缓 (huǎn)

Compounds

References

Japanese
Shinjitai 急
Kyūjitai
[1]
急󠄁
急+&#xE0101;?
(Adobe-Japan1)
急󠄃
急+&#xE0103;?
(Hanyo-Denshi)
(Moji_Joho)
The displayed kanji may be different from the image due to your environment.
See here for details.

Kanji
急

(grade 3 “Kyōiku” kanji)

Readings

Etymology
Kanji in this term
急
きゅう
Grade: 3
kun’yomi

/kipʉ/ → /kiɸʉ/ → /kiu/ → /kʲɨː/

From Middle Chinese 急 (MC kip).

Pronunciation

Adjective

急(きゅう) • (kyū) ←きふ (kifu)?-na (adnominal 急(きゅう)な (kyū na), adverbial 急(きゅう)に (kyū ni))

  1. sudden
  2. immediate, rapid

Inflection
Inflection of 急
Stem forms
Imperfective (未然形) 急だろ きゅうだろ kyū daro
Continuative (連用形) 急で きゅうで kyū de
Terminal (終止形) 急だ きゅうだ kyū da
Attributive (連体形) 急な きゅうな kyū na
Hypothetical (仮定形) 急なら きゅうなら kyū nara
Imperative (命令形) 急であれ きゅうであれ kyū de are
Key constructions
Informal negative 急ではない
急じゃない		 きゅうではない
きゅうじゃない		 kyū de wa nai
kyū ja nai
Informal past 急だった きゅうだった kyū datta
Informal negative past 急ではなかった
急じゃなかった		 きゅうではなかった
きゅうじゃなかった		 kyū de wa nakatta
kyū ja nakatta
Formal 急です きゅうです kyū desu
Formal negative 急ではありません
急じゃありません		 きゅうではありません
きゅうじゃありません		 kyū de wa arimasen
kyū ja arimasen
Formal past 急でした きゅうでした kyū deshita
Formal negative past 急ではありませんでした
急じゃありませんでした		 きゅうではありませんでした
きゅうじゃありませんでした		 kyū de wa arimasen deshita
kyū ja arimasen deshita
Conjunctive 急で きゅうで kyū de
Conditional 急なら（ば） きゅうなら（ば） kyū nara (ba)
Provisional 急だったら きゅうだったら kyū dattara
Volitional 急だろう きゅうだろう kyū darō
Adverbial 急に きゅうに kyū ni
Degree 急さ きゅうさ kyūsa
Classical conjugation of "急なり" (ナリ活用, see Appendix:Japanese verbs.)
Stem forms
Irrealis (未然形) 急ならきふならkifu nara
Continuative (連用形) 急に[1]
急なり[2]		きふに
きふなり		kifu ni
kifu nari
Terminal (終止形) 急なりきふなりkifu nari
Attributive (連体形) 急なるきふなるkifu naru
Realis (已然形) 急なれきふなれkifu nare
Imperative (命令形) 急なれきふなれkifu nare
Key constructions
Negative 急ならずきふならずkifu narazu
Contrasting conjunction 急なれどきふなれどkifu naredo
Causal conjunction 急なればきふなればkifu nareba
Conditional conjunction 急ならばきふならばkifu naraba
Past tense (firsthand knowledge) 急なりききふなりきkifu nariki
Past tense (secondhand knowledge) 急なりけりきふなりけりkifu narikeri
Adverbial 急にきふにkifu ni
[1]Without auxiliary verb.
[2]With auxiliary verb.

References
  1. “急”, in 漢字ぺディア (Kanjipedia)‎ (in Japanese), 日本漢字能力検定協会, 2015–2024
  2. Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN

Korean

Hanja

急 (eumhun 급할 급 (geuphal geup))

  1. Hanja form? of 급 (“rapid; sudden”).

Compounds
Compounds
  • 구급 (救急, gugeup, “first aid”)
  • 구급차 (救急車, gugeupcha, “ambulance”)
  • 구급상자 (救急箱子, gugeupsangja, “first-aid kit”)
  • 응급 (應急, eunggeup, “emergency”)
  • 응급실 (應急室, eunggeupsil, “emergency room”)
  • 긴급 (緊急, gin'geup, “emergency”)

Vietnamese

Han character

急: Hán Nôm readings: cấp, gấp, kép, kíp, quắp

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
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