坐

坐 (Kangxi radical 32, 土+4, 7 strokes, cangjie input 人人土 (OOG), four-corner 8810₄, composition ⿻土从 or ⿱𠦏一)

• 侳, 挫, 𡌚, 䂳, 㟇, 唑, 𢚂, 㛗, 𡨠, 脞, 睉, 銼 (锉), 矬, 剉, 莝, 桽, 髽, 夎, 䦟 (䦷), 座, 痤, 𣨎, 趖, 𫐩, 𪨙

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 225, character 15
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 4931
• Dae Jaweon: page 460, character 6
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 423, character 12
• Unihan data for U+5750

Historical forms of the character 坐
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)	Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Small seal script	Transcribed ancient scripts

Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 留 (“to stay”) + 土 (“ground”).

Sino-Tibetan; cognate with Tangut 𗶠 (*dzu̱², “to sit”), Japhug amdzɯ (“to sit”) (Jacques, 2014; Zhang, Jacques, and Lai, 2019).

坐

1. to sit; to take a seat

   坐下  ―  zuòxià  ―  to sit down

   請坐！／请坐！ [Hokkien]  ―  Chhiáⁿ chē! [Pe̍h-ōe-jī]  ―  Please take a seat!

2. to go by; to travel by; to ride

   坐公交車不小心坐過頭 [MSC, trad.]
   坐公交车不小心坐过头 [MSC, simp.]

   zuò gōngjiāochē bù xiǎoxīn zuò guòtóu [Pinyin]

   to miss one's stop on the bus

   我坐飛機去上海。 [MSC, trad.]
   我坐飞机去上海。 [MSC, simp.]

   Wǒ zuò fēijī qù Shànghǎi. [Pinyin]

   I go to Shanghai by plane.

   她開車去，不坐火車去。 [MSC, trad.]
   她开车去，不坐火车去。 [MSC, simp.]

   Tā kāichē qù, bù zuò huǒchē qù. [Pinyin]

   She does not go by train, she drives.

3. to bear fruit
4. (literary) because of; on the ground of
5. to be in charge of; to manage
6. to uphold; to fight until the end without giving up

   坐鎮／坐镇  ―  zuòzhèn  ―  to assume personal command

7. ^† to be convicted (of a crime)

   • 元狩元年，坐與淮南王謀反，誅。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
     元狩元年，坐与淮南王谋反，诛。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]

     From: 漢書·卷十六 高惠高后文功臣表 第四

     Yuánshòu yuánnián, zuò yǔ huáinán wáng móufǎn, zhū. [Pinyin]

     In the first year of Yuanshou, convicted of conspiring with King of Huainan to rebel, executed.

• 上 (shàng, “to board”)

• → Ai-Cham: zai⁶

坐

1. Alternative form of 座 (zuò)

• This form was also proposed in the second round of simplification.

• “坐”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎, 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
• “Entry #3036”, in 臺灣閩南語常用詞辭典 [Dictionary of Frequently-Used Taiwan Minnan] (overall work in Mandarin and Hokkien), Ministry of Education, R.O.C., 2023.

(“Jinmeiyō” kanji used for names)

1. to sit
2. to assume (a position)
3. to hold still

• Go-on: ざ (za)^{←ざ (za, historical)}
• Kan-on: さ (sa)^{←さ (sa, historical)}
• Kun: すわる (suwaru, 坐る); そぞろに (sozoroni, 坐に); おわす (owasu, 坐す); ます (masu, 坐す)
• Nanori: います (imasu); ます (masu)

In modern Japanese, 坐 is mostly replaced by 座, due to the deprecation of non-tōyō kanji caused by the Japanese script reform.

• 白川静 (Shirakawa Shizuka) (2014) “坐”, in 字通 (Jitsū)‎ (in Japanese), popular edition, Tōkyō: Heibonsha, →ISBN

坐 (eumhun 앉을 좌 (anjeul jwa))

1. Hanja form^? of 좌 (“to sit”).

坐: Hán Việt readings: tọa/toạ
坐: Nôm readings: ngồi, tòa/toà, tọa/toạ

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

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