U+54C0, 哀
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-54C0

[U+54BF]
CJK Unified Ideographs
[U+54C1]

Translingual

Stroke order

Han character

(Kangxi radical 30, +6, 9 strokes, cangjie input 卜口竹女 (YRHV), four-corner 00732, composition 𧘇)

References

  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 188, character 11
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 3580
  • Dae Jaweon: page 407, character 11
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 620, character 10
  • Unihan data for U+54C0

Chinese

Glyph origin

Phono-semantic compound (形聲形声, OC *qɯːl) : phonetic (OC *qɯl, *qɯls) + semantic (mouth).

Etymology 1

simp. and trad.

Probably sound-symbolic (Schuessler, 2007).

Pronunciation


Note: The zero initial /∅-/ is commonly pronounced with a ng-initial /ŋ-/ in some varieties of Cantonese, including Hong Kong Cantonese.

  • Dialectal data
Variety Location
Mandarin Beijing /ai⁵⁵/
Harbin /ai⁴⁴/
Tianjin /nai²¹/
Jinan /ŋɛ²¹³/
Qingdao /ɣɛ²¹³/
Zhengzhou /ai²⁴/
Xi'an /ŋai²¹/
Xining /nɛ⁴⁴/
Yinchuan /ɛ⁴⁴/
Lanzhou /ɛ³¹/
Ürümqi /ai⁴⁴/
Wuhan /ŋai⁵⁵/
Chengdu /ŋai⁵⁵/
Guiyang /ŋai⁵⁵/
/ai⁵⁵/
Kunming /æ⁴⁴/
Nanjing /ae³¹/
Hefei /ʐe̞²¹/
Jin Taiyuan /ɣai¹¹/
Pingyao /ŋæ¹³/
Hohhot /ŋɛ³¹/
Wu Shanghai /e⁵³/
Suzhou /e̞⁵⁵/
Hangzhou /ʔe̞³³/
Wenzhou /e³³/
Hui Shexian /ŋɛ³¹/
Tunxi
Xiang Changsha /ŋai³³/
Xiangtan /ŋai³³/
Gan Nanchang /ŋai⁴²/
Hakka Meixian /oi⁴⁴/
Taoyuan /oi²⁴/
Cantonese Guangzhou /ɔi⁵³/
Nanning /ɔi⁵⁵/
Hong Kong /ɔi⁵⁵/
Min Xiamen (Hokkien) /ai⁵⁵/
Fuzhou (Eastern Min) /ai⁴⁴/
Jian'ou (Northern Min) /uɛ⁵⁴/
Shantou (Teochew) /ai³³/
Haikou (Hainanese) /ai²³/

Rime
Character
Reading # 1/1
Initial () (34)
Final () (41)
Tone (調) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division () I
Fanqie
Baxter 'oj
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang
/ʔʌi/
Pan
Wuyun
/ʔəi/
Shao
Rongfen
/ʔɒi/
Edwin
Pulleyblank
/ʔəj/
Li
Rong
/ʔᴀi/
Wang
Li
/ɒi/
Bernard
Karlgren
/ʔɑ̆i/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex
āi
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex
oi1
BaxterSagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)
āi
Middle
Chinese
‹ ʔoj ›
Old
Chinese
/*ʔˁəj/
English to pity; sad

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character
Reading # 1/1
No. 14835
Phonetic
component
Rime
group
Rime
subdivision
1
Corresponding
MC rime
Old
Chinese
/*qɯːl/

Definitions

  1. to pity; to sympathize
  2. to lament; to mourn
       āidào   to lament; to mourn
       āiqiú   to beg; to implore
  3. sad; mournful; pitiful; sorrowful
       āitòng   sad; grieved
  4. grief; sorrow
       jié'āi   to restrain one's grief
  5. orphaned of one's mother due to her passing
  6. a surname

Compounds

  • 七哀
  • 乞哀
  • 乞哀告憐乞哀告怜 (qǐ'āigàolián)
  • 佞哀
  • 修哀
  • 傷哀伤哀
  • 八哀詩八哀诗
  • 凄哀
  • 割哀
  • 可哀 (kě'āi)
  • 吞哀
  • 告哀
  • 含哀
  • 哀丐
  • 哀丘
  • 哀些
  • 哀人
  • 哀傷哀伤 (āishāng)
  • 哀兵
  • 哀兵必勝哀兵必胜 (āibīngbìshèng)
  • 哀冊哀册
  • 哀凶
  • 哀切 (āiqiè)
  • 哀匏
  • 哀卹
  • 哀厚
  • 哀厲哀厉
  • 哀叫 (āijiào)
  • 哀叩
  • 哀吊
  • 哀吁
  • 哀吟
  • 哀告 (āigào)
  • 哀吹豪竹
  • 哀哇
  • 哀咽
  • 哀哉 (āizāi)
  • 哀哀
  • 哀哀欲絕哀哀欲绝
  • 哀哽
  • 哀哭 (āikū)
  • 哀嗟
  • 哀嘆哀叹 (āitàn)
  • 哀囀哀啭
  • 哀壑
  • 哀壯哀壮
  • 哀娛哀娱
  • 哀婉 (āiwǎn)
  • 哀子
  • 哀宥
  • 哀家 (āijiā)
  • 哀容
  • 哀家梨
  • 哀察
  • 哀平
  • 哀弄
  • 哀弔哀吊
  • 哀弦
  • 哀彈哀弹
  • 哀心
  • 哀念
  • 哀怨 (āiyuàn)
  • 哀思 (āisī)
  • 哀急
  • 哀怛
  • 哀恫
  • 哀恕
  • 哀恤
  • 哀恨
  • 哀悃
  • 哀悴
  • 哀惜
  • 哀情 (āiqíng)
  • 哀惋
  • 哀悲
  • 哀悼 (āidào)
  • 哀悽哀凄 (āiqī)
  • 哀惶
  • 哀感
  • 哀惻哀恻
  • 哀惸
  • 哀愁 (āichóu)
  • 哀愍
  • 哀感頑豔哀感顽艳
  • 哀愨哀悫
  • 哀愴哀怆
  • 哀慘哀惨
  • 哀慟哀恸 (āitòng)
  • 哀慼哀戚
  • 哀憂哀忧
  • 哀慕
  • 哀憐哀怜 (āilián)
  • 哀憫哀悯
  • 哀憤哀愤
  • 哀懇哀恳
  • 哀懼哀惧
  • 哀戀哀恋
  • 哀戚 (āiqī)
  • 哀拯
  • 哀挽
  • 哀摧
  • 哀啟哀启 (āiqǐ)
  • 哀敬
  • 哀文
  • 哀時哀时
  • 哀書哀书
  • 哀曼
  • 哀杖
  • 哀梨
  • 哀楚
  • 哀榮哀荣 (āiróng)
  • 哀樂哀乐
  • 哀歌 (āigē, elegy)
  • 哀歎哀叹 (āitàn)
  • 哀毀哀毁
  • 哀毀瘠立哀毁瘠立 (āihuǐjílì)
  • 哀毀骨立哀毁骨立 (āihuǐgǔlì)
  • 哀氣哀气
  • 哀求 (āiqiú)
  • 哀江南賦哀江南赋
  • 哀江頭哀江头
  • 哀泣 (āiqì)
  • 哀激
  • 哀烏哀乌
  • 哀烏郎哀乌郎
  • 哀煢哀茕
  • 哀牢 (Āiláo)
  • 哀狖
  • 哀王孫哀王孙
  • 哀玉
  • 哀疚
  • 哀痛 (āitòng)
  • 哀痛詔哀痛诏
  • 哀眷
  • 哀矜 (āijīn)
  • 哀石
  • 哀祈
  • 哀祭
  • 哀笳
  • 哀策
  • 哀箏哀筝
  • 哀籥
  • 哀籲哀吁
  • 哀素
  • 哀絃哀弦
  • 哀結哀结
  • 哀絲哀丝 (āisī)
  • 哀絲豪竹哀丝豪竹
  • 哀而不傷哀而不伤 (āi'érbùshāng)
  • 哀耗
  • 哀聲哀声
  • 哀聽哀听
  • 哀腸百轉哀肠百转
  • 哀臞
  • 哀臨哀临
  • 哀艷哀艳 (āiyàn)
  • 哀苦 (āikǔ)
  • 哀荒
  • 哀號哀号 (āiháo)
  • 哀蟬曲哀蝉曲
  • 哀角
  • 哀訴哀诉
  • 哀詞哀词 (āicí)
  • 哀詔哀诏 (āizhào)
  • 哀誄哀诔
  • 哀請哀请
  • 哀識哀识
  • 哀豔哀艳 (āiyàn)
  • 哀贊哀赞
  • 哀輓哀挽
  • 哀轉哀转
  • 哀辭哀辞 (āicí)
  • 哀迫
  • 哀迷
  • 哀酸
  • 哀閔哀闵
  • 哀隱哀隐
  • 哀雅
  • 哀音
  • 哀響哀响
  • 哀頓哀顿
  • 哀風哀风
  • 哀颯哀飒
  • 哀駘哀骀
  • 哀鬱哀郁
  • 哀鳴哀鸣 (āimíng)
  • 哀鴻哀鸿 (āihóng)
  • 哀鴻遍地哀鸿遍地
  • 哀鴻遍野哀鸿遍野 (āihóngbiànyě)
  • 哀麗哀丽
  • 哀默
  • 喜怒哀樂喜怒哀乐 (xǐnù'āilè)
  • 嗚呼哀哉呜呼哀哉 (wūhū'āizāi)
  • 國哀国哀
  • 垂哀
  • 奔哀
  • 奪哀夺哀
  • 娛哀娱哀
  • 孤哀子
  • 寒哀
  • 居哀
  • 怨哀哀
  • 怨怨哀哀
  • 息哀
  • 悲哀 (bēi'āi)
  • 愍哀
  • 愁哀
  • 憂哀忧哀
  • 憂國哀民忧国哀民
  • 憐哀怜哀
  • 憫哀悯哀
  • 成哀
  • 敘哀叙哀
  • 新哀
  • 於乎哀哉于乎哀哉
  • 於呼哀哉于呼哀哉 (wūhū'āizāi)
  • 極哀极哀
  • 榮哀荣哀
  • 樂往哀來乐往哀来
  • 樂極哀來乐极哀来
  • 樂極生哀乐极生哀
  • 樂盡哀生乐尽哀生
  • 殺哀杀哀
  • 求哀
  • 沈哀
  • 清哀
  • 牛哀
  • 獨弦哀歌独弦哀歌
  • 生榮亡哀生荣亡哀
  • 生榮死哀生荣死哀
  • 生榮沒哀生荣没哀
  • 發哀发哀
  • 盡哀尽哀
  • 矜哀
  • 祁哀
  • 祥哀
  • 禹哀
  • 穆哀
  • 節哀节哀 (jié'āi)
  • 節哀順變节哀顺变 (jié'āishùnbiàn)
  • 羊角哀
  • 耗矣哀哉
  • 致哀 (zhì'āi)
  • 舉哀举哀 (jǔ'āi)
  • 苦竹哀絲苦竹哀丝
  • 苦苦哀求
  • 莫里哀 (Mòlǐ'āi)
  • 見哀见哀
  • 誌哀志哀 (zhì'āi)
  • 豪竹哀絲豪竹哀丝
  • 豪管哀弦
  • 赴哀
  • 遂哀
  • 遣哀
  • 遺哀遗哀
  • 酸哀
  • 銜哀衔哀
  • 銜哀致誠衔哀致诚
  • 韓哀韩哀
  • 顧哀顾哀
  • 餘哀余哀
  • 驚哀惊哀
  • 鳴哀鸣哀
  • 鴻雁哀鳴鸿雁哀鸣 (hóngyàn'āimíng)
  • 黃雀哀黄雀哀
  • 默哀 (mò'āi)

Etymology 2

simp. and trad.
alternative forms 𡟓

Coblin (2021) proposes that it is a contraction of Common Neo-Hakka compound 阿姆 (*a¹ moi¹), where *moi¹ may have come from earlier *moi⁴, perhaps related to (OC *mɯʔ, “mother”).

Pronunciation


Definitions

  1. (Hakka) mother
    [Sixian Hakka]   yà-ôi [Pha̍k-fa-sṳ]   father and mother; parents

Compounds

Japanese

Kanji

(common “Jōyō” kanji)

  1. pathetic
  2. grief
  3. sorrow

Readings

Etymology

Kanji in this term
あい
Grade: S
on’yomi

From Middle Chinese (MC 'oj).

Noun

(あい) • (ai) 

  1. grief; sorrow; sadness; lamentation
    (あい)(おも)ai o omouto feel grief; to grieve; to mourn; lament
  2. pity; sympathy

Synonyms

Korean

Hanja

• (ae) (hangeul , McCuneReischauer ae)

  1. grief, sorrow
  2. sad

Vietnamese

Han character

: Hán Nôm readings: ai

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
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