匠

匠 U+5320, 匠
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5320
← 匟
[U+531F] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 匡 →
[U+5321]

Translingual

Han character

匠 (Kangxi radical 22, 匚+4, 6 strokes, cangjie input 尸竹一中 (SHML), four-corner 71712, composition ⿷匚斤)

Derived characters
  • 𰁳

References
  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 153, character 22
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 2605
  • Dae Jaweon: page 345, character 11
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 83, character 5
  • Unihan data for U+5320

Chinese
simp. and trad.
 匠
alternative forms 匞

Glyph origin
Historical forms of the character 匠
Warring States Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Qin slip script Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts
Characters in the same phonetic series (匚) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
匚 *paŋ
匠 *sbaŋs

Traditionally thought to be an ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 匚 (“box”) + 斤 (“axe”) (e.g. Shuowen).

In more recent scholarship (e.g. Zhengzhang, 2003; Baxter and Sagart, 2014), an alternative glyph origin has been proposed, suggesting that it is a phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *sbaŋs) : phonetic 匚 (OC *paŋ) + semantic 斤 (“axe”).

Etymology

Several etymologies have been proposed:

  • Related to Tibetan བྱང (byang, “skilled”) (Bodman, 1980) or སྤྱང (spyang, “skilful; clever”) (Sagart and Baxter, 2012). These comparisons would require the Old Chinese reconstruction to have a *sb- initial, which is possible if 匚 (OC *paŋ) is considered to be the phonetic component. The Middle Chinese initial would be derived as such: *s.b- > *zb- > *bz- > *dz- (Baxter and Sagart, 2014).
  • Schuessler (2007), who reconstructs the Old Chinese minimally as *dzaŋh, deems it more likely to be from Mon-Khmer, comparing it to Khmer ចាំង (cang, “to dress; to trim (wood)”) (Schuessler, 2007).
  • Jacques (2015) proposes another Sino-Tibetan etymology, comparing it to Tibetan མཛངས (mdzangs, “wise; intelligent”), which is derived from བཟང (bzang, “good”). Under this hypothesis, it can be derived from 臧 (OC *[ts]ˤaŋ, “good”), which has been connected to the Tibetan word. He postulates the derivation to consist of the nominalizing circumfix *k- -s and the applicative prefix *N-, yielding *k-N-tsaŋ-s > *k-dzaŋ-s.

Pronunciation

Note:
  • chhiūⁿ/chhiōⁿ/siūⁿ - vernacular;
  • chhiōng/chhiāng/siāng/chiōng - literary.
      • (Teochew)
        • Peng'im: ciên7 / cion7 / ziang6
        • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tshiēⁿ / tshiōⁿ / tsiăng
        • Sinological IPA (key): /t͡sʰĩẽ¹¹/, /t͡sʰĩõ¹¹/, /t͡siaŋ³⁵/
    Note:
    • ciên7/cion7 - vernacular (ciên7 - Chaozhou);
    • ziang6 - literary.
      • Xiang
        • (Changsha)
          • Wiktionary: zian5
          • Sinological IPA (key) (old-style): /t͡si̯æn²¹/
          • Sinological IPA (key) (new-style): /t͡ɕi̯æn²¹/
Rime
Character 匠
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 從 (15)
Final (韻) 陽 (105)
Tone (調) Departing (H)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) III
Fanqie 疾亮切
Baxter dzjangH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		 /d͡zɨɐŋH/
Pan
Wuyun		 /d͡ziɐŋH/
Shao
Rongfen		 /d͡ziɑŋH/
Edwin
Pulleyblank		 /d͡zɨaŋH/
Li
Rong		 /d͡ziaŋH/
Wang
Li		 /d͡zĭaŋH/
Bernard
Karlgren		 /d͡zʱi̯aŋH/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex		 jiàng
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex		 zoeng6
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 匠
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)		 jiàng
Middle
Chinese		 ‹ dzjangH ›
Old
Chinese		 /*s.baŋ-s/
English craftsman

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 匠
Reading # 1/1
No. 6268
Phonetic
component		 匚
Rime
group		 陽
Rime
subdivision		 0
Corresponding
MC rime		 匠
Old
Chinese		 /*sbaŋs/

Definitions

匠

  1. craftsman; artisan; workman
  2. master

Compounds

Descendants
  • → Proto-Southwestern Tai: *ɟaːŋᴮ² (“artisan; skillful”) (via Middle Chinese)
  • → Zhuang: cangh (“someone in a particular profession”) (via Middle Chinese)
  • → Khmer: ជាង (ciəng) (via Middle Chinese)

References

Japanese

Kanji
匠

(common “Jōyō” kanji)

Readings

Compounds

Etymology 1
Kanji in this term
匠
たくみ
Grade: S
kun’yomi
Alternative spelling
工

Noun

匠(たくみ) • (takumi) 

  1. craftsman, artisan
  2. craft, craftsmanship, skill

Proper noun

匠(たくみ) • (Takumi) 

  1. a male given name

Etymology 2
Kanji in this term
匠
しょう
Grade: S
on’yomi

Noun

匠(しょう) • (shō) 

  1. skilled worker
Derived terms

References

    Korean

    Etymology

    From Middle Chinese 匠 (MC dzjangH). Recorded as Middle Korean 쟈ᇰ〯 (cyǎng) (Yale: cyang) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527.

    Hanja

    Wikisource 匠 (eumhun 장인 장 (jang'in jang))

    1. Hanja form? of 장 (“craftsman, artisan”).
      Synonym: 工 (공 (gong))

    Compounds
    Compounds

    References
    • 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典.

    Vietnamese

    Han character

    匠: Hán Nôm readings: tượng

    1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
    This article is issued from Wiktionary. The text is licensed under Creative Commons - Attribution - Sharealike. Additional terms may apply for the media files.