凶

See also: 兇, 区, and 𠄡

凶	U+51F6, 凶 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-51F6

← 凵
[U+51F5]

CJK Unified Ideographs

凷 →
[U+51F7]

Translingual

Han character

凶 (Kangxi radical 17, 凵+2, 4 strokes, cangjie input 山大 (UK), four-corner 2277₀, composition ⿶凵㐅)

Derived characters

㐫

References

Kangxi Dictionary: page 135, character 2
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 1803
Dae Jaweon: page 300, character 28
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 306, character 19
Unihan data for U+51F6

Chinese

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 凶

Warring States

Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)

Liushutong (compiled in Ming)

Chu slip and silk script

Small seal script

Transcribed ancient scripts

**Small seal script**
s05171

**Transcribed ancient scripts**
L30005	L00905	L00906	L00907	L00908	L00909

References:

Mostly from Richard Sears' Chinese Etymology site (authorisation),
which in turn draws data from various collections of ancient forms of Chinese characters, including:

Shuowen Jiezi (small seal),
Jinwen Bian (bronze inscriptions),
Liushutong (Liushutong characters) and
Yinxu Jiaguwen Bian (oracle bone script).

Characters in the same phonetic series (凶) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
酗	*qʰos
凶	*qʰoŋ
匈	*qʰoŋ
兇	qʰoŋ, qʰoŋʔ
訩	*qʰoŋ
胸	*qʰoŋ
胷	*qʰoŋ
洶	qʰoŋ, qʰoŋʔ
恟	*qʰoŋ
詾	qʰoŋ, qʰoŋʔ

Pictogram (象形) and/or Ideogram (指事) - with the '凵' component representing a hole in the ground and with the '㐅' component (if an ideogram) indicating the existence of a hole and/or (if a pictogram) representing rock, mud, stone or bamboo in the hole. Alternately, could be derived from the upper component of '㚇'.

Etymology

simp. and trad.		凶
alternative forms		㐫㓙兇

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): xiōng (xiong¹)

(Zhuyin): ㄒㄩㄥ
Cantonese (Jyutping): hung¹
Hakka (Sixian, PFS): hiûng
Eastern Min (BUC): hṳ̆ng
Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): hiong

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: xiōng
  - Zhuyin: ㄒㄩㄥ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: syong
  - Wade–Giles: hsiung¹
  - Yale: syūng
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shiong
  - Palladius: сюн (sjun)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɕi̯ʊŋ⁵⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: hung¹
  - Yale: hūng
  - Cantonese Pinyin: hung¹
  - Guangdong Romanization: hung¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /hʊŋ⁵⁵/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: hiûng
  - Hakka Romanization System: hiung´
  - Hagfa Pinyim: hiung¹
  - Sinological IPA: /hi̯uŋ²⁴/
Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: hṳ̆ng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /hyŋ⁵⁵/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hiong
  - Tâi-lô: hiong
  - Phofsit Daibuun: hiofng
  - IPA (Xiamen): /hiɔŋ⁴⁴/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /hiɔŋ³³/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /hiɔŋ⁴⁴/
  - IPA (Taipei): /hiɔŋ⁴⁴/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /hiɔŋ⁴⁴/

Middle Chinese: xjowng

Rime
Character	凶
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	曉 (32)
Final (韻)	鍾 (7)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	許容切
Baxter	xjowng
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/hɨoŋ/
Pan Wuyun	/hioŋ/
Shao Rongfen	/xioŋ/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/huawŋ/
Li Rong	/xioŋ/
Wang Li	/xĭwoŋ/
Bernard Karlgren	/xi̯woŋ/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	xiōng
Expected Cantonese Reflex	hung¹

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*qʰ(r)oŋ/

(Zhengzhang): /*qʰoŋ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	凶
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	xiōng
Middle Chinese	‹ xjowng ›
Old Chinese	/*qʰ(r)oŋ/
English	unlucky
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	凶
Reading #	1/1
No.	13889
Phonetic component	凶
Rime group	東
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	胷
Old Chinese	/*qʰoŋ/

Definitions

凶

inauspicious; bad luck; bad omen
Antonym: 吉 (jí)
to have a famine due to crop failure
凶年 ― xiōngnián ― year of bad harvest and famine
- 河內凶，則移其民於河東，移其粟於河內；河東凶亦然。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
  河内凶，则移其民于河东，移其粟于河内；河东凶亦然。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]
  From: Mencius, c. 4^th century BCE
  Hé nèi xiōng, zé yí qí mín yú hé dōng, yí qí sù yú hé nèi; hé dōng xiōng yì rán. [Pinyin]
  If the year be bad on the inside of the river, I remove as many of the people as I can to the east of the river, and convey grain to the country in the inside. When the year is bad on the east of the river, I act on the same plan.
fierce; ferocious
alt. forms: 兇／凶 (xiōng)
terrible; fearful
alt. forms: 兇／凶 (xiōng)
act of violence; murder; evil
alt. forms: 兇／凶 (xiōng)
ruffian; evildoer; criminal
alt. forms: 兇／凶 (xiōng)

Compounds

元凶 (yuánxiōng)
凶事 (xiōngshì)
凶兆 (xiōngzhào)
凶器 (xiōngqì)
凶器 (xiōngqì)
凶宅 (xiōngzhái)
凶悍 (xiōnghàn)
凶暴 (xiōngbào)
凶橫 (xiōnghèng)
凶焰 (xiōngyàn)
趨吉避凶 (qūjíbìxiōng)
逞凶 (chěngxiōng)

References

“Entry #592”, in 臺灣閩南語常用詞辭典 [Dictionary of Frequently-Used Taiwan Minnan] (overall work in Mandarin and Hokkien), Ministry of Education, R.O.C., 2023.

Japanese

Kanji

凶

(common “Jōyō” kanji)

ominous
killing, terrible

Readings

Go-on: く (ku); くう (kū)
Kan-on: きょう (kyō, Jōyō)
Kun: わるい (warui, 凶い)

Compounds

凶(きょう)悪(あく) (kyōaku)
凶(きょう)漢(かん) (kyōkan)
凶(きょう)旱(かん) (kyōkan)
凶(きょう)器(き) (kyōki)
凶(きょう)虐(ぎゃく) (kyōgyaku)
凶(きょう)逆(ぎゃく) (kyōgyaku)
凶(きょう)渠(きょ) (kyōkyo)
凶(きょう)凶(きょう) (kyōkyō)
凶(きょう)饉(きん) (kyōkin)
凶(きょう)桀(けつ) (kyōketsu)
凶(きょう)行(こう) (kyōkō)
凶(きょう)荒(こう) (kyōkō)
凶(きょう)狡(こう) (kyōkō)
凶(きょう)歳(さい) (kyōsai)
凶(きょう)作(さく) (kyōsaku)
凶(きょう)札(さつ) (kyōsatsu)
凶(きょう)残(ざん) (kyōzan)
凶(きょう)事(じ) (kyōji)
凶(きょう)日(じつ) (kyōjitsu)
凶(きょう)手(しゅ) (kyōshu)
凶(きょう)状(じょう) (kyōjō)
凶(きょう)刃(じん) (kyōjin)
凶(きょう)瑞(ずい) (kyōzui)
凶(きょう)賊(ぞく) (kyōzoku)
凶(きょう)弾(だん) (kyōdan)
凶(きょう)兆(ちょう) (kyōchō)
凶(きょう)徒(と) (kyōto)
凶(きょう)党(とう) (kyōtō)
凶(きょう)年(ねん) (kyōnen)
凶(きょう)敗(はい) (kyōhai)
凶(きょう)服(ふく) (kyōfuku)
凶(きょう)聞(ぶん) (kyōbun)
凶(きょう)変(へん) (kyōhen)
凶(きょう)報(ほう) (kyōhō)
凶(きょう)暴(ぼう) (kyōbō)
凶(きょう)夢(む) (kyōmu)
凶(きょう)猛(もう) (kyōmō)
凶(きょう)門(もん) (kyōmon)
凶(きょう)冷(れい) (kyōrei)
凶(きょう)礼(れい) (kyōrei)
凶(きょう)戻(れい) (kyōrei)
吉(きっ)凶(きょう) (kikkyō)
元(げん)凶(きょう) (genkyō)
豊(ほう)凶(きょう) (hōkyō)

Pronunciation

(Tokyo) きょー [kyóꜜò] (Atamadaka – [1])[1][2]
IPA^(key): [kʲo̞ː]

Noun

Kanji in this term
凶
きょう Grade: S
kan’on

Alternative spelling
兇

凶(きょう) • (kyō)

ill fortune

References

Yamada, Tadao et al., editors (2011), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Seventh edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN

Korean

Hanja

凶 (eumhun 흉할 흉 (hyunghal hyung))

Hanja form^? of 흉 (“ominous; terrible”).

Compounds

흉악 (凶惡, hyung'ak, “evil”)

Vietnamese

Han character

凶: Hán Nôm readings: hung[1][2][3][4][5][6]

chữ Hán form of hung (“inauspicious, unlucky, ominous”).

References

Génibrel (1898).
Bonet (1899).
Thiều Chửu (1942).
Nguyễn (1974).
Trần (1999).
Nguyễn et al. (2009).

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[SMK7-1] Yamada, Tadao et al., editors (2011), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Seventh edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN

[DJR-2] Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN

[genibrel-3] Génibrel (1898).

[bonet-4] Bonet (1899).

[Thiều_Chửu_(1942)-5] Thiều Chửu (1942).

[Nguyễn_(1974)-6] Nguyễn (1974).

[Trần_(1999)-7] Trần (1999).

[tdcntd-8] Nguyễn et al. (2009).

For pronunciation and definitions of 凶 – see 兇 (“terrible; ferocious”). (This character is the simplified and variant traditional form of 兇).
Notes: Simplified Chinese is mainly used in Mainland China, Malaysia, and Singapore. Traditional Chinese is mainly used in Hong Kong, Macau, and Taiwan.