zaherir
Spanish
Etymology
Somewhat disputed; according to the Royal Spanish Academy, from Old Spanish façerir, from *fazferir, from faz (“make!, do!”) + ferir (“to hurt”). However, many etymologists have suggested that faz in fazferir could not have turned into za(z), even if it did convert into haz during the Spanish conversion of f to h and have suggested the word comes from Latin subferire (“to censor, reproach”) with za being a common corruption of the Latin sub- prefix, as seen in words such as zabullir (“to submerge”) (from Late Latin subbullīre (“to boil/submerge lighty”)) and zabucar (“to stir liquid”) (from Latin sub- (“below”) + bucca (“mouth”)). Morphologically equivalent to haz (“make!, do!”) + herir (“to hurt”).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): (Spain) /θaeˈɾiɾ/ [θa.eˈɾiɾ]
- IPA(key): (Latin America) /saeˈɾiɾ/ [sa.eˈɾiɾ]
- Rhymes: -iɾ
- Syllabification: za‧he‧rir
Verb
zaherir (first-person singular present zahiero, first-person singular preterite zaherí, past participle zaherido)
- to criticize severely, harshly (to the point of feeling humiliated or mortified)
- 1911, Quintilian, Ignacio Rodríguez, Pedro Sandier, Instituciones Oratorias, Vol. 1, 333:
- Guardémonos siempre de zaherir.
- Let's always guard ourselves from criticizing severely.
- 1911, Quintilian, Ignacio Rodríguez, Pedro Sandier, Instituciones Oratorias, Vol. 1, 333:
Conjugation
These forms are generated automatically and may not actually be used. Pronoun usage varies by region.
singular | plural | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | ||
with infinitive zaherir | |||||||
dative | zaherirme | zaherirte | zaherirle, zaherirse | zaherirnos | zaheriros | zaherirles, zaherirse | |
accusative | zaherirme | zaherirte | zaherirlo, zaherirla, zaherirse | zaherirnos | zaheriros | zaherirlos, zaherirlas, zaherirse | |
with gerund zahiriendo | |||||||
dative | zahiriéndome | zahiriéndote | zahiriéndole, zahiriéndose | zahiriéndonos | zahiriéndoos | zahiriéndoles, zahiriéndose | |
accusative | zahiriéndome | zahiriéndote | zahiriéndolo, zahiriéndola, zahiriéndose | zahiriéndonos | zahiriéndoos | zahiriéndolos, zahiriéndolas, zahiriéndose | |
with informal second-person singular tú imperative zahiere | |||||||
dative | zahiéreme | zahiérete | zahiérele | zahiérenos | not used | zahiéreles | |
accusative | zahiéreme | zahiérete | zahiérelo, zahiérela | zahiérenos | not used | zahiérelos, zahiérelas | |
with informal second-person singular vos imperative zaherí | |||||||
dative | zaherime | zaherite | zaherile | zaherinos | not used | zaheriles | |
accusative | zaherime | zaherite | zaherilo, zaherila | zaherinos | not used | zaherilos, zaherilas | |
with formal second-person singular imperative zahiera | |||||||
dative | zahiérame | not used | zahiérale, zahiérase | zahiéranos | not used | zahiérales | |
accusative | zahiérame | not used | zahiéralo, zahiérala, zahiérase | zahiéranos | not used | zahiéralos, zahiéralas | |
with first-person plural imperative zahiramos | |||||||
dative | not used | zahirámoste | zahirámosle | zahirámonos | zahirámoos | zahirámosles | |
accusative | not used | zahirámoste | zahirámoslo, zahirámosla | zahirámonos | zahirámoos | zahirámoslos, zahirámoslas | |
with informal second-person plural imperative zaherid | |||||||
dative | zaheridme | not used | zaheridle | zaheridnos | zaheríos | zaheridles | |
accusative | zaheridme | not used | zaheridlo, zaheridla | zaheridnos | zaheríos | zaheridlos, zaheridlas | |
with formal second-person plural imperative zahieran | |||||||
dative | zahiéranme | not used | zahiéranle | zahiérannos | not used | zahiéranles, zahiéranse | |
accusative | zahiéranme | not used | zahiéranlo, zahiéranla | zahiérannos | not used | zahiéranlos, zahiéranlas, zahiéranse |
Further reading
- “zaherir”, in Diccionario de la lengua española, Vigésima tercera edición, Real Academia Española, 2014