vesper

From Old French vespre, from Latin vesper (“evening star”).

• (General American) IPA^(key): /ˈvɛspɚ/
• (Received Pronunciation) IPA^(key): /ˈvɛspə/

vesper (plural vespers)

1. The bell that summons worshipers to vespers; the vesper-bell
2. (poetic) The evening.
3. A vesper martini.
4. A vesper bat.

   Almost all vespers are insect catchers.

• vesper mouse
• vesper sparrow
• vespertide

vesper (not comparable)

1. (poetic) Evening.
   • 1908, James Ryder Randall, “On the Rampart”, in Maryland, my Maryland, and other poems, Baltimore, Md., New York: John Murphy Company, page 28:

     On Sumter’s rampart, that sweet eve, / I heard the vesper bugle play […]

• perves, preves

From vespa +‎ -er. Compare Occitan vespièr, French guêpier, Portuguese vespeiro, Spanish avispero, Romanian viespar, Italian vespaio, Friulian gjespâr.

• IPA^(key): (Central) [bəsˈpe]
• IPA^(key): (Balearic) [vəsˈpe]
• IPA^(key): (Valencian) [vesˈpeɾ]

vesper m (plural vespers)

1. wasp nest
2. wasp group
3. (colloquial) complicated mess

• vespa

From Proto-Italic *wesperos, from Proto-Indo-European *wek(ʷ)speros. Cognates include Ancient Greek ἕσπερος (hésperos), Old Church Slavonic вєчєръ (večerŭ) and Old Armenian գիշեր (gišer).

• (Classical) IPA^(key): /ˈu̯es.per/, [ˈu̯ɛs̠pɛr]
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): /ˈves.per/, [ˈvɛsper]

vesper m (variously declined, genitive vesperī or vesperis); second declension, third declension

1. the evening or vespers
2. supper, dinner (evening meal)
3. (by extension) the evening star
4. (by extension) the West

• This noun can be declined in two paradigms; in classical Latin prose, only the singular forms were used (plural forms are found post-Classically), and the second declension forms prevailed except for the ablative. The forms vespere and vesperī were both used to mean "in the evening".

Second-declension noun (nominative singular in -er) or third-declension noun.

• vesperāscit
• vesperna
• vespertīliō
• vespertīnus
• vesperūgō
• vesperus

• vespera

• Dalmatian: viaspro
• → Esperanto: vespero
• Piedmontese: vespr, vésper
• Lombard: vèsper
• Italian: vespro
• Sicilian: vèspiru
• Old French: vespre, vespree
  • Middle French: vespre
    • French: vêpre
  • Norman: vêpe
  • Walloon: vesprêye
  • → English: vesper
  • ⇒ Old French: vespres (oblique plural)
    • French: vêpres
    • → Middle English: vespers, vespres
      • English: vespers
• Old Occitan:
  • Catalan: vespre
• Old Galician-Portuguese:
  • Portuguese: vésper
• → Spanish: véspero
• → Albanian: dhespër (or from Ancient Greek ἕσπερος (hésperos))
• → Old Irish: fescor
  • Irish: feascar
  • Manx: fastyr
  • Scottish Gaelic: feasgar
• → Welsh: gosber

• “vesper”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “vesper”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
• vesper in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.

vesper c

1. (Christianity) a vespers, a Vespers (evening service)
2. a vesper (evening hymn)

• tidegärd

• vesper in Svensk ordbok (SO)
• vesper in Svenska Akademiens ordlista (SAOL)
• vesper in Svenska Akademiens ordbok (SAOB)