tulema
Estonian
Etymology
From Proto-Finnic *tuldak.
Conjugation
Conjugation of tulema (ÕS type 36/tulema, no gradation)
| indicative | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| present | perfect | ||||||||
| person | positive | negative | person | positive | negative | ||||
| 1st sing. | tulen | ei tule | 1st sing. | olen tulnud | ei ole tulnud pole tulnud | ||||
| 2nd sing. | tuled | 2nd sing. | oled tulnud | ||||||
| 3rd sing. | tuleb | 3rd sing. | on tulnud | ||||||
| 1st plur. | tuleme | 1st plur. | oleme tulnud | ||||||
| 2nd plur. | tulete | 2nd plur. | olete tulnud | ||||||
| 3rd plur. | tulevad | 3rd plur. | on tulnud | ||||||
| passive | tullakse | ei tulda | passive | on tuldud | ei ole tuldud pole tuldud | ||||
| past | pluperfect | ||||||||
| person | positive | negative | person | positive | negative | ||||
| 1st sing. | tulin | ei tulnud | 1st sing. | olin tulnud | ei olnud tulnud polnud tulnud | ||||
| 2nd sing. | tulid | 2nd sing. | olid tulnud | ||||||
| 3rd sing. | tuli | 3rd sing. | oli tulnud | ||||||
| 1st plur. | tulime | 1st plur. | olime tulnud | ||||||
| 2nd plur. | tulite | 2nd plur. | olite tulnud | ||||||
| 3rd plur. | tulid | 3rd plur. | oli tulnud | ||||||
| passive | tuldi | ei tuldud | passive | oli tuldud | ei olnud tuldud polnud tuldud | ||||
| conditional | |||||||||
| present | perfect | ||||||||
| person | positive | negative | person | positive | negative | ||||
| 1st sing. | tuleksin | ei tuleks | 1st sing. | tulnuksin oleksin tulnud |
ei tulnuks ei oleks tulnud poleks tulnud | ||||
| 2nd sing. | tuleksid | 2nd sing. | tulnuksid oleksid tulnud | ||||||
| 3rd sing. | tuleks | 3rd sing. | tulnuks oleks tulnud | ||||||
| 1st plur. | tuleksime | 1st plur. | tulnuksime oleksime tulnud | ||||||
| 2nd plur. | tuleksite | 2nd plur. | tulnuksite oleksite tulnud | ||||||
| 3rd plur. | tuleksid | 3rd plur. | tulnuksid oleksid tulnud | ||||||
| passive | tuldaks | ei tuldaks | passive | oleks tuldud | ei oleks tuldud poleks tuldud | ||||
| imperative | |||||||||
| present | perfect | ||||||||
| person | positive | negative | person | positive | negative | ||||
| 1st sing. | — | — | 1st sing. | — | — | ||||
| 2nd sing. | tule | ära tule | 2nd sing. | ole tulnud | ära ole tulnud | ||||
| 3rd sing. | tulgu | ärgu tulgu | 3rd sing. | olgu tulnud | ärgu olgu tulnud | ||||
| 1st plur. | tulgem | ärme tuleme ärme tule ärgem tulgem |
1st plur. | olgem tulnud | ärme oleme tulnud ärme ole tulnud ärgem olgem tulnud | ||||
| 2nd plur. | tulge | ärge tulge | 2nd plur. | olge tulnud | ärge olge tulnud | ||||
| 3rd plur. | tulgu | ärgu tulgu | 3rd plur. | olgu tulnud | ärgu olgu tulnud | ||||
| passive | tuldagu | ärgu tuldagu | passive | olgu tuldud | ärgu olgu tuldud | ||||
| quotative | |||||||||
| present | perfect | ||||||||
| voice | positive | negative | voice | positive | negative | ||||
| active | tulevat | ei tulevat | active | olevat tulnud | ei olevat tulnud polevat tulnud | ||||
| passive | tuldavat | ei tuldavat | passive | olevat tuldud | ei olevat tuldud polevat tuldud | ||||
| Nominal forms | |||||||||
| ma-infinitive | active | passive | da-infinitive | present | past | ||||
| nominative | tulema | tuldama | nominative | tulla | olla tulnud | ||||
| illative | — | inessive | tulles | olles tulnud | |||||
| inessive | tulemas | participle | active | passive | |||||
| elative | tulemast | present | tulev | tuldav | |||||
| translative | tulemaks | past | tulnud | tuldud | |||||
| abessive | tulemata | negative | tulematu | — | |||||
Finnish
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈtulemɑ/, [ˈt̪ule̞mɑ̝]
- Rhymes: -ulemɑ
- Syllabification(key): tu‧le‧ma
Declension
| Inflection of tulema (Kotus type 10/koira, no gradation) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | tulema | tulemat | ||
| genitive | tuleman | tulemien | ||
| partitive | tulemaa | tulemia | ||
| illative | tulemaan | tulemiin | ||
| singular | plural | |||
| nominative | tulema | tulemat | ||
| accusative | nom. | tulema | tulemat | |
| gen. | tuleman | |||
| genitive | tuleman | tulemien tulemainrare | ||
| partitive | tulemaa | tulemia | ||
| inessive | tulemassa | tulemissa | ||
| elative | tulemasta | tulemista | ||
| illative | tulemaan | tulemiin | ||
| adessive | tulemalla | tulemilla | ||
| ablative | tulemalta | tulemilta | ||
| allative | tulemalle | tulemille | ||
| essive | tulemana | tulemina | ||
| translative | tulemaksi | tulemiksi | ||
| abessive | tulematta | tulemitta | ||
| instructive | — | tulemin | ||
| comitative | See the possessive forms below. | |||
| Possessive forms of tulema (Kotus type 10/koira, no gradation) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Further reading
- “tulema”, in Kielitoimiston sanakirja [Dictionary of Contemporary Finnish] (in Finnish) (online dictionary, continuously updated), Kotimaisten kielten keskuksen verkkojulkaisuja 35, Helsinki: Kotimaisten kielten tutkimuskeskus (Institute for the Languages of Finland), 2004–, retrieved 2023-07-03
Pali
Alternative forms
Alternative forms
- 𑀢𑀼𑀮𑁂𑀫 (Brahmi script)
- तुलेम (Devanagari script)
- তুলেম (Bengali script)
- තුලෙම (Sinhalese script)
- တုလေမ (Burmese script)
- ตุเลม or ตุเลมะ (Thai script)
- ᨲᩩᩃᩮᨾ (Tai Tham script)
- ຕຸເລມ or ຕຸເລມະ (Lao script)
- តុលេម (Khmer script)
- 𑄖𑄪𑄣𑄬𑄟 (Chakma script)
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