troquer
French
Etymology
Inherited from Old French troquer, trochier, of unknown origin. Possibly imitative of the sound made by the hands of the exchanging parties clapping together, similar to troper (“to high five”). Or, from an unknown Germanic source.
Compare Middle English trukien (“to trade, barter”) and Medieval Latin troco (“I barter”), which could have been borrowed from the Old French verb.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /tʁɔ.ke/
Audio (file)
Conjugation
Conjugation of troquer (see also Appendix:French verbs)
| infinitive | simple | troquer | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| compound | avoir + past participle | ||||||
| present participle or gerund1 | simple | troquant /tʁɔ.kɑ̃/ | |||||
| compound | ayant + past participle | ||||||
| past participle | troqué /tʁɔ.ke/ | ||||||
| singular | plural | ||||||
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| indicative | je (j’) | tu | il, elle, on | nous | vous | ils, elles | |
| (simple tenses) |
present | troque /tʁɔk/ |
troques /tʁɔk/ |
troque /tʁɔk/ |
troquons /tʁɔ.kɔ̃/ |
troquez /tʁɔ.ke/ |
troquent /tʁɔk/ |
| imperfect | troquais /tʁɔ.kɛ/ |
troquais /tʁɔ.kɛ/ |
troquait /tʁɔ.kɛ/ |
troquions /tʁɔ.kjɔ̃/ |
troquiez /tʁɔ.kje/ |
troquaient /tʁɔ.kɛ/ | |
| past historic2 | troquai /tʁɔ.ke/ |
troquas /tʁɔ.ka/ |
troqua /tʁɔ.ka/ |
troquâmes /tʁɔ.kam/ |
troquâtes /tʁɔ.kat/ |
troquèrent /tʁɔ.kɛʁ/ | |
| future | troquerai /tʁɔ.kʁe/ |
troqueras /tʁɔ.kʁa/ |
troquera /tʁɔ.kʁa/ |
troquerons /tʁɔ.kʁɔ̃/ |
troquerez /tʁɔ.kʁe/ |
troqueront /tʁɔ.kʁɔ̃/ | |
| conditional | troquerais /tʁɔ.kʁɛ/ |
troquerais /tʁɔ.kʁɛ/ |
troquerait /tʁɔ.kʁɛ/ |
troquerions /tʁɔ.kə.ʁjɔ̃/ |
troqueriez /tʁɔ.kə.ʁje/ |
troqueraient /tʁɔ.kʁɛ/ | |
| (compound tenses) |
present perfect | present indicative of avoir + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect | imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| past anterior2 | past historic of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| future perfect | future of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| conditional perfect | conditional of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| subjunctive | que je (j’) | que tu | qu’il, qu’elle | que nous | que vous | qu’ils, qu’elles | |
| (simple tenses) |
present | troque /tʁɔk/ |
troques /tʁɔk/ |
troque /tʁɔk/ |
troquions /tʁɔ.kjɔ̃/ |
troquiez /tʁɔ.kje/ |
troquent /tʁɔk/ |
| imperfect2 | troquasse /tʁɔ.kas/ |
troquasses /tʁɔ.kas/ |
troquât /tʁɔ.ka/ |
troquassions /tʁɔ.ka.sjɔ̃/ |
troquassiez /tʁɔ.ka.sje/ |
troquassent /tʁɔ.kas/ | |
| (compound tenses) |
past | present subjunctive of avoir + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect2 | imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| imperative | – | – | – | ||||
| simple | — | troque /tʁɔk/ |
— | troquons /tʁɔ.kɔ̃/ |
troquez /tʁɔ.ke/ |
— | |
| compound | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | |
| 1 The French gerund is usable only with the preposition en. | |||||||
2 In less formal writing or speech, these tenses may be found to have been replaced in the following way:
(Christopher Kendris [1995], Master the Basics: French, pp. 77, 78, 79, 81). | |||||||
Further reading
- “troquer”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.
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