sparren
Dutch
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /spɑrə(n)/
Audio (file) - Rhymes: -ɑrən
Verb
sparren
- to spar, to have a practice fight
- to brainstorm, to exchange thoughts
- Synonyms: brainstormen, van gedachten uitwisselen
Inflection
Conjugation of sparren (weak) | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
infinitive | sparren | |||
past singular | sparde | |||
past participle | gespard | |||
infinitive | sparren | |||
gerund | sparren n | |||
present tense | past tense | |||
1st person singular | spar | sparde | ||
2nd person sing. (jij) | spart | sparde | ||
2nd person sing. (u) | spart | sparde | ||
2nd person sing. (gij) | spart | sparde | ||
3rd person singular | spart | sparde | ||
plural | sparren | sparden | ||
subjunctive sing.1 | sparre | sparde | ||
subjunctive plur.1 | sparren | sparden | ||
imperative sing. | spar | |||
imperative plur.1 | spart | |||
participles | sparrend | gespard | ||
1) Archaic. |
Middle English
Etymology 1
From Middle Dutch and Middle Low German sperren, alongside Old English gesparrian; ultimately from Proto-West Germanic *sparrijan, from Proto-Germanic *sparrijaną.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈsparən/, /ˈspaːrən/, /ˈspɛrən/, /ˈspɛːrən/
Verb
sparren
Conjugation
Conjugation of sparren (weak in -ed/-de)
infinitive | (to) sparen, spare | ||
---|---|---|---|
present tense | past tense | ||
1st-person singular | spare | spared, sparde | |
2nd-person singular | sparest | sparedest, spardest | |
3rd-person singular | spareth | spared, sparde | |
subjunctive singular | spare | ||
imperative singular | — | ||
plural1 | sparen, spare | spareden, sparede, sparden, sparde | |
imperative plural | spareth, spare | — | |
participles | sparynge, sparende | spared, spard |
1Sometimes used as a formal 2nd-person singular.
References
- “sparren, v.(1).”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007.
- “spē̆ren, v.(1).”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007.
Etymology 2
From Old English sperran, spirran, spyrran, of unknown ultimate origin, perhaps related to Old Norse sperrask (“to kick out”). Or, a romance borrowing, from Middle French esparer (“to kick”), from old Italian sparare (“to fling”).[1]
Alternative forms
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈsparən/, /ˈspɛrən/
Conjugation
Conjugation of sparren (weak in -ed/-de)
infinitive | (to) sparen, spare | ||
---|---|---|---|
present tense | past tense | ||
1st-person singular | spare | spared, sparde | |
2nd-person singular | sparest | sparedest, spardest | |
3rd-person singular | spareth | spared, sparde | |
subjunctive singular | spare | ||
imperative singular | — | ||
plural1 | sparen, spare | spareden, sparede, sparden, sparde | |
imperative plural | spareth, spare | — | |
participles | sparynge, sparende | spared, spard |
1Sometimes used as a formal 2nd-person singular.
Descendants
- English: spar
References
- “sparren, v.(2).”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007.
- “sperren, v.”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007.
- “spar”, in The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language, 5th edition, Boston, Mass.: Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, 2016, →ISBN.
Swedish
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