sortaa

Finnish

Etymology

From Proto-Finnic *sortadak (“to tip over, knock down”). Cognate with Ingrian sortaa, Karelian šortua, Ludian sortta and Veps sorta.

Pronunciation
  • IPA(key): /ˈsortɑːˣ/, [ˈs̠o̞rt̪ɑ̝ː(ʔ)]
  • Rhymes: -ortɑː
  • Syllabification(key): sor‧taa

Verb

sortaa

  1. (transitive) to trample, treat harshly
  2. (transitive, usually atelic) to oppress, persecute, tyrannize, repress, bully
  3. (transitive, nautical) to cause to drift leeward
  4. (transitive, now dialectal) to tip over, cause to fall over, knock down
  5. (transitive, rare) Synonym of sorruttaa

Conjugation

sorti is preferred over sorsi as a past tense form.

Inflection of sortaa (Kotus type 55*K/soutaa, rt-rr gradation)
indicative mood
present tense perfect
person positive negative person positive negative
1st sing. sorran en sorra 1st sing. olen sortanut en ole sortanut
2nd sing. sorrat et sorra 2nd sing. olet sortanut et ole sortanut
3rd sing. sortaa ei sorra 3rd sing. on sortanut ei ole sortanut
1st plur. sorramme emme sorra 1st plur. olemme sortaneet emme ole sortaneet
2nd plur. sorratte ette sorra 2nd plur. olette sortaneet ette ole sortaneet
3rd plur. sortavat eivät sorra 3rd plur. ovat sortaneet eivät ole sortaneet
passive sorretaan ei sorreta passive on sorrettu ei ole sorrettu
past tense pluperfect
person positive negative person positive negative
1st sing. sorrin
sorsin		 en sortanut 1st sing. olin sortanut en ollut sortanut
2nd sing. sorrit
sorsit		 et sortanut 2nd sing. olit sortanut et ollut sortanut
3rd sing. sorti
sorsi		 ei sortanut 3rd sing. oli sortanut ei ollut sortanut
1st plur. sorrimme
sorsimme		 emme sortaneet 1st plur. olimme sortaneet emme olleet sortaneet
2nd plur. sorritte
sorsitte		 ette sortaneet 2nd plur. olitte sortaneet ette olleet sortaneet
3rd plur. sortivat
sorsivat		 eivät sortaneet 3rd plur. olivat sortaneet eivät olleet sortaneet
passive sorrettiin ei sorrettu passive oli sorrettu ei ollut sorrettu
conditional mood
present perfect
person positive negative person positive negative
1st sing. sortaisin en sortaisi 1st sing. olisin sortanut en olisi sortanut
2nd sing. sortaisit et sortaisi 2nd sing. olisit sortanut et olisi sortanut
3rd sing. sortaisi ei sortaisi 3rd sing. olisi sortanut ei olisi sortanut
1st plur. sortaisimme emme sortaisi 1st plur. olisimme sortaneet emme olisi sortaneet
2nd plur. sortaisitte ette sortaisi 2nd plur. olisitte sortaneet ette olisi sortaneet
3rd plur. sortaisivat eivät sortaisi 3rd plur. olisivat sortaneet eivät olisi sortaneet
passive sorrettaisiin ei sorrettaisi passive olisi sorrettu ei olisi sorrettu
imperative mood
present perfect
person positive negative person positive negative
1st sing. — — 1st sing. — —
2nd sing. sorra älä sorra 2nd sing. — —
3rd sing. sortakoon älköön sortako 3rd sing. olkoon sortanut älköön olko sortanut
1st plur. sortakaamme älkäämme sortako 1st plur. — —
2nd plur. sortakaa älkää sortako 2nd plur. — —
3rd plur. sortakoot älkööt sortako 3rd plur. olkoot sortaneet älkööt olko sortaneet
passive sorrettakoon älköön sorrettako passive olkoon sorrettu älköön olko sorrettu
potential mood
present perfect
person positive negative person positive negative
1st sing. sortanen en sortane 1st sing. lienen sortanut en liene sortanut
2nd sing. sortanet et sortane 2nd sing. lienet sortanut et liene sortanut
3rd sing. sortanee ei sortane 3rd sing. lienee sortanut ei liene sortanut
1st plur. sortanemme emme sortane 1st plur. lienemme sortaneet emme liene sortaneet
2nd plur. sortanette ette sortane 2nd plur. lienette sortaneet ette liene sortaneet
3rd plur. sortanevat eivät sortane 3rd plur. lienevät sortaneet eivät liene sortaneet
passive sorrettaneen ei sorrettane passive lienee sorrettu ei liene sorrettu
Nominal forms
infinitives participles
active passive active passive
1st sortaa present sortava sorrettava
long 1st1
Possessive forms
Person sing. plur.
1st sortaakseni sortaaksemme
2nd sortaaksesi sortaaksenne
3rd sortaakseen
sortaaksensa
 past sortanut sorrettu
2nd inessive2 sortaessa sorrettaessa agent3 sortama
Possessive forms
Person sing. plur.
1st sortaessani sortaessamme
2nd sortaessasi sortaessanne
3rd sortaessaan
sortaessansa
 negative sortamaton
instructive sortaen — 1) Used only with a possessive suffix.

2) Usually with a possessive suffix (active only).
3) Usually with a possessive suffix. Not used with intransitive verbs. Distinct from nouns with the -ma suffix and third infinitive forms.
4) Some uses of the verbal noun are called the 'fourth infinitive' by certain sources (more details).
* The third-person singular indicative form sortaa does not exhibit final gemination,
unlike the first infinitive (the lemma form), even though they are spelled identically.

3rd inessive sortamassa —
elative sortamasta —
illative sortamaan —
adessive sortamalla —
abessive sortamatta —
instructive sortaman sorrettaman
4th4 verbal noun sortaminen
5th1
Possessive forms
Person sing. plur.
1st sortamaisillani sortamaisillamme
2nd sortamaisillasi sortamaisillanne
3rd sortamaisillaan
sortamaisillansa

Derived terms
nouns
verbs

Further reading

Anagrams

Ingrian

Etymology

From Proto-Finnic *sortadak (“to tip over”). Cognates include Finnish sortaa and Veps sorta.

Pronunciation
  • (Ala-Laukaa) IPA(key): /ˈsortɑː/, [ˈs̠o̞rtɑ]
  • (Soikkola) IPA(key): /ˈsortɑː/, [ˈʃo̞rtɑː]
  • Rhymes: -ortɑː
  • Hyphenation: sor‧taa

Verb

sortaa

  1. Synonym of sortua

Conjugation
Conjugation of sortaa (type 2/kirjuttaa, rt-rr gradation)
Indikativa
Preesens Perfekta
positive negative positive negative
1st singular sorran en sorra 1st singular oon sortant, oon sortanut en oo sortant, en oo sortanut
2nd singular sorrat et sorra 2nd singular oot sortant, oot sortanut et oo sortant, et oo sortanut
3rd singular sortaa ei sorra 3rd singular ono sortant, ono sortanut ei oo sortant, ei oo sortanut
1st plural sorramma emmä sorra 1st plural oomma sortaneet emmä oo sortaneet
2nd plural sorratta että sorra 2nd plural ootta sortaneet että oo sortaneet
3rd plural sortaat1), sortavat2), sorretaa evät sorra, ei sorreta 3rd plural ovat sortaneet evät oo sortaneet, ei oo sorrettu
impersonal sorretaa ei sorreta impersonal ono sorrettu ei oo sorrettu
Imperfekta Pluskvamperfekta
positive negative positive negative
1st singular sorrin en sortant, en sortanut 1st singular olin sortant, olin sortanut en olt sortant, en olt sortanut
2nd singular sorrit et sortant, et sortanut 2nd singular olit sortant, olit sortanut et olt sortant, et olt sortanut
3rd singular sorti ei sortant, ei sortanut 3rd singular oli sortant, oli sortanut ei olt sortant, ei olt sortanut
1st plural sorrimma emmä sortaneet 1st plural olimma sortaneet emmä olleet sortaneet
2nd plural sorritta että sortaneet 2nd plural olitta sortaneet että olleet sortaneet
3rd plural sortiit1), sortivat2), sorrettii evät sortaneet, ei sorrettu 3rd plural olivat sortaneet evät olleet sortaneet, ei olt sorrettu
impersonal sorrettii ei sorrettu impersonal oli sorrettu ei olt sorrettu
Konditsionala
Preesens Perfekta
positive negative positive negative
1st singular sortaisin en sortais 1st singular olisin sortant, olisin sortanut en olis sortant, en olis sortanut
2nd singular sortaisit, sortaist1) et sortais 2nd singular olisit sortant, olisit sortanut et olis sortant, et olis sortanut
3rd singular sortais ei sortais 3rd singular olis sortant, olis sortanut ei olis sortant, ei olis sortanut
1st plural sortaisimma emmä sortais 1st plural olisimma sortaneet emmä olis sortaneet
2nd plural sortaisitta että sortais 2nd plural olisitta sortaneet että olis sortaneet
3rd plural sortaisiit1), sortaisivat2), sorrettais evät sortais, ei sorrettais 3rd plural olisivat sortaneet evät olis sortaneet, ei olis sorrettu
impersonal sorrettais ei sorrettais impersonal olis sorrettu ei olis sorrettu
Imperativa
Preesens Perfekta
positive negative positive negative
1st singular — — 1st singular — —
2nd singular sorra elä sorra 2nd singular oo sortant, oo sortanut elä oo sortant, elä oo sortanut
3rd singular sortakoo elköö sortako 3rd singular olkoo sortant, olkoo sortanut elköö olko sortant, elköö olko sortanut
1st plural — — 1st plural — —
2nd plural sortakaa elkää sortako 2nd plural olkaa sortaneet elkää olko sortaneet
3rd plural sortakoot elkööt sortako, elköö sorrettako 3rd plural olkoot sortaneet elkööt olko sortaneet, elköö olko sorrettu
impersonal sorrettakkoo elköö sorrettako impersonal olkoo sorrettu elköö olko sorrettu
Potentsiala
Preesens
positive negative
1st singular sortanen en sortane
2nd singular sortanet et sortane
3rd singular sortanoo ei sortane
1st plural sortanemma emmä sortane
2nd plural sortanetta että sortane
3rd plural sortanoot evät sortane, ei sorrettane
impersonal sorrettannoo ei sorrettane
Nominal forms
Infinitivat Partisipat
active passive
1st sortaa present sortava sorrettava
2nd inessive sortajees past sortant, sortanut sorrettu
instructive sortaen 1) Chiefly in the Soikkola dialect.
2) Chiefly in the Ala-Laukaa dialect.
*) For the imperative, the 2nd plural (sortakaa) may be used for the 3rd person as well.
**) The interrogative is formed by adding the suffix -k (-ka?/-kä?) to the indicative
***) The deliberative is formed by adding the suffix -k (-ka?/-kä?) or -kse to either the indicative or the potential
****) In folk poetry, a long first infinitive can be formed by adding the suffix -kse-, followed by possessive suffixes, to the first infinitive. Note that sometimes gemination may be undone by this addition.
3rd illative sortamaa
inessive sortamaas
elative sortamast
abessive sortamata
4th nominative sortamiin
partitive sortamista, sortamist

Derived terms

References
  • Ruben E. Nirvi (1971) Inkeroismurteiden Sanakirja, Helsinki: Suomalais-Ugrilainen Seura, page 541
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