shuhudia

Swahili

Etymology

From Arabic شُهُود‎ (šuhūd).

Pronunciation
  • Audio (Kenya)(file)

Verb

-shuhudia (infinitive kushuhudia)

  1. to witness

Conjugation
Conjugation of -shuhudia
Positive present -nashuhudia
Subjunctive -shuhudie
Negative -shuhudii
Imperative singular shuhudia
Infinitives
Positive kushuhudia
Negative kutoshuhudia
Imperatives
Singular shuhudia
Plural shuhudieni
Tensed forms
Habitual hushuhudia
Positive past positive subject concord + -lishuhudia
Negative past negative subject concord + -kushuhudia
Positive present (positive subject concord + -nashuhudia)
Singular Plural
1st person ninashuhudia/nashuhudia tunashuhudia
2nd person unashuhudia mnashuhudia
3rd person m-wa(I/II) anashuhudia wanashuhudia
other classes positive subject concord + -nashuhudia
Negative present (negative subject concord + -shuhudii)
Singular Plural
1st person sishuhudii hatushuhudii
2nd person hushuhudii hamshuhudii
3rd person m-wa(I/II) hashuhudii hawashuhudii
other classes negative subject concord + -shuhudii
Positive future positive subject concord + -tashuhudia
Negative future negative subject concord + -tashuhudia
Positive subjunctive (positive subject concord + -shuhudie)
Singular Plural
1st person nishuhudie tushuhudie
2nd person ushuhudie mshuhudie
3rd person m-wa(I/II) ashuhudie washuhudie
other classes positive subject concord + -shuhudie
Negative subjunctive positive subject concord + -sishuhudie
Positive present conditional positive subject concord + -ngeshuhudia
Negative present conditional positive subject concord + -singeshuhudia
Positive past conditional positive subject concord + -ngalishuhudia
Negative past conditional positive subject concord + -singalishuhudia
Gnomic (positive subject concord + -ashuhudia)
Singular Plural
1st person nashuhudia twashuhudia
2nd person washuhudia mwashuhudia
3rd person m-wa(I/II) ashuhudia washuhudia
m-mi(III/IV) washuhudia yashuhudia
ji-ma(V/VI) lashuhudia yashuhudia
ki-vi(VII/VIII) chashuhudia vyashuhudia
n(IX/X) yashuhudia zashuhudia
u(XI) washuhudia see n(X) or ma(VI) class
ku(XV/XVII) kwashuhudia
pa(XVI) pashuhudia
mu(XVIII) mwashuhudia
Perfect positive subject concord + -meshuhudia
"Already" positive subject concord + -meshashuhudia
"Not yet" negative subject concord + -jashuhudia
"If/When" positive subject concord + -kishuhudia
"If not" positive subject concord + -siposhuhudia
Consecutive kashuhudia / positive subject concord + -kashuhudia
Consecutive subjunctive positive subject concord + -kashuhudie
Object concord (indicative positive)
Singular Plural
1st person -nishuhudia -tushuhudia
2nd person -kushuhudia -washuhudia/-kushuhudieni/-washuhudieni
3rd person m-wa(I/II) -mshuhudia -washuhudia
m-mi(III/IV) -ushuhudia -ishuhudia
ji-ma(V/VI) -lishuhudia -yashuhudia
ki-vi(VII/VIII) -kishuhudia -vishuhudia
n(IX/X) -ishuhudia -zishuhudia
u(XI) -ushuhudia see n(X) or ma(VI) class
ku(XV/XVII) -kushuhudia
pa(XVI) -pashuhudia
mu(XVIII) -mushuhudia
Reflexive -jishuhudia
Relative forms
General positive (positive subject concord + (object concord) + -shuhudia- + relative marker)
Singular Plural
m-wa(I/II) -shuhudiaye -shuhudiao
m-mi(III/IV) -shuhudiao -shuhudiayo
ji-ma(V/VI) -shuhudialo -shuhudiayo
ki-vi(VII/VIII) -shuhudiacho -shuhudiavyo
n(IX/X) -shuhudiayo -shuhudiazo
u(XI) -shuhudiao see n(X) or ma(VI) class
ku(XV/XVII) -shuhudiako
pa(XVI) -shuhudiapo
mu(XVIII) -shuhudiamo
Other forms (subject concord + tense marker + relative marker + (object concord) + -shuhudia)
Singular Plural
m-wa(I/II) -yeshuhudia -oshuhudia
m-mi(III/IV) -oshuhudia -yoshuhudia
ji-ma(V/VI) -loshuhudia -yoshuhudia
ki-vi(VII/VIII) -choshuhudia -vyoshuhudia
n(IX/X) -yoshuhudia -zoshuhudia
u(XI) -oshuhudia see n(X) or ma(VI) class
ku(XV/XVII) -koshuhudia
pa(XVI) -poshuhudia
mu(XVIII) -moshuhudia
Some forms not commonly seen in modern Standard Swahili are absent from the table. See Appendix:Swahili verbs for more information.

Derived terms
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