rwj

Egyptian

Pronunciation

Verb
rwD54

 3ae inf.

  1. (intransitive) to get away (+ r: from (a place or thing))
  2. (intransitive) to go away, to depart
    • c. 1550 BCE – 1295 BCE, Great Hymn to Osiris (Stela of Amenmose, Louvre C 286) line 23:
      E9wiit
      nDs      		 O35
      nDs      		 sy
      E9      		 wr
      ww      		 D54tA
      m      		 Htp
      Z2      		 Xr
      r      		 nb
      Z1
      f
      jwyt zb(.w) sjw(w) rw.w tꜣ m ḥtpw ẖr nb.f
      Wrongdoing has gone, the Slanderer has departed, and the land is in peace under its lord.
  3. (transitive) to leave, to depart (a place)
  4. (transitive) to escape (something bad)
Inflection
Conjugation of rwj (third weak / 3ae inf. / III. inf.) — base stem: rw, geminated stem: rww
infinitival forms imperative
infinitive negatival complement complementary infinitive1 singular plural
rwt, rwj
 rww, rw
 rwt, rwwt, rwyt
 rw
 rw, rwy
‘pseudoverbal’ forms
stative stem periphrastic imperfective2 periphrastic prospective2
rw8, rww8
 ḥr rwt, ḥr rwj
 m rwt, m rwj
 r rwt, r rwj
suffix conjugation
aspect / mood active passive contingent
aspect / mood active passive
perfect rw.n
 rww, rw, rwy
 consecutive rw.jn
 active + .tj1, .tw2
active + .tj1, .tw2
terminative rwt, rwyt
perfective3 rw
 active + .tj1, .tw2
 obligative1 rw.ḫr
 active + .tj1, .tw2
imperfective rw, rwy
 active + .tj1, .tw2
prospective3 rww, rw, rwy
 rww, rw, rwy
 potentialis1 rw.kꜣ
 active + .tj1, .tw2
active + .tj1, .tw2
subjunctive rw, rwy
 active + .tj1, .tw2
verbal adjectives
aspect / mood relative (incl. nominal / emphatic) forms participles
active passive active passive
perfect rw.n
 active + .tj1, .tw2
 — —
perfective rww1, rwy, rw
 active + .tj1, .tw2
 rw
 rwy, rw
imperfective rww, rwwy, rwww5
 active + .tj1, .tw2
 rww, rwwj6, rwwy6
 rww, rwww5
prospective rww1, rwy, rw, rwtj7
 — rwwtj1 4, rwtj4, rwt4
  1. Used in Old Egyptian; archaic by Middle Egyptian.
  2. Used mostly since Middle Egyptian.
  3. Archaic or greatly restricted in usage by Middle Egyptian. The perfect has mostly taken over the functions of the perfective, and the subjunctive and periphrastic prospective have mostly replaced the prospective.
  4. Declines using third-person suffix pronouns instead of adjectival endings: masculine .f/.fj, feminine .s/.sj, dual .sn/.snj, plural .sn.
  5. Only in the masculine singular.
  6. Only in the masculine.
  7. Only in the feminine.
  8. Third-person masculine statives of this class often have a final -y instead of the expected stative ending.
Derived terms
Descendants
  • Fayyumic Coptic: ⲗⲁ (la)
  • Sahidic Coptic: ⲗⲟ (lo)

Etymology 2

Dual form of r(ꜣ) (“part, piece, 1⁄…”).

Pronunciation

Noun
D22

 m du

  1. (dual only) two thirds

References
  • Hoch, James (1997) Middle Egyptian Grammar, Mississauga: Benben Publications, →ISBN, page 25
  • James P[eter] Allen (2010) Middle Egyptian: An Introduction to the Language and Culture of Hieroglyphs, 2nd edition, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, page 105.
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