rhwystro

Welsh

Etymology

Compare Breton rouestl (“confusion”).

Pronunciation
  • (North Wales) IPA(key): /ˈr̥ʊɨ̯sdrɔ/, [ˈr̥ʰʊɨ̯strɔ]
  • (South Wales) IPA(key): /ˈr̥ʊi̯sdrɔ/, [ˈr̥ʰʊi̯strɔ]

Verb

rhwystro (first-person singular present rhwystraf)

  1. (transitive) to prevent, to hinder, to impede
    Synonyms: atal, llesteirio, lluddias

Conjugation
Conjugation (literary)
singular plural impersonal
first second third first second third
present indicative/future rhwystraf rhwystri rhwystra rhwystrwn rhwystrwch rhwystrant rhwystrir
imperfect (indicative/subjunctive)/
conditional		 rhwystrwn rhwystrit rhwystrai rhwystrem rhwystrech rhwystrent rhwystrid
preterite rhwystrais rhwystraist rhwystrodd rhwystrasom rhwystrasoch rhwystrasant rhwystrwyd
pluperfect rhwystraswn rhwystrasit rhwystrasai rhwystrasem rhwystrasech rhwystrasent rhwystrasid, rhwystresid
present subjunctive rhwystrwyf rhwystrych rhwystro rhwystrom rhwystroch rhwystront rhwystrer
imperative — rhwystra rhwystred rhwystrwn rhwystrwch rhwystrent rhwystrer
verbal noun rhwystro
verbal adjectives rhwystredig
rhwystradwy
Conjugation (colloquial)
Inflected colloquial forms singular plural
first second third first second third
future rhwystra i, rhwystraf i rhwystri di rhwystrith o/e/hi, rhwystriff e/hi rhwystrwn ni rhwystrwch chi rhwystran nhw
conditional rhwystrwn i, rhwystrswn i rhwystret ti, rhwystrset ti rhwystrai fo/fe/hi, rhwystrsai fo/fe/hi rhwystren ni, rhwystrsen ni rhwystrech chi, rhwystrsech chi rhwystren nhw, rhwystrsen nhw
preterite rhwystrais i, rhwystres i rhwystraist ti, rhwystrest ti rhwystrodd o/e/hi rhwystron ni rhwystroch chi rhwystron nhw
imperative — rhwystra — — rhwystrwch —
Note: All other forms are periphrastic, as usual in colloquial Welsh.

Derived terms
  • rhwystr (“hindrance, obstacle”)
  • rhwystredig (“frustrated”)
  • rhwystrus (“obstructive”)

Mutation
Welsh mutation
radical soft nasal aspirate
rhwystro rwystro unchanged unchanged
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs.

References
  • R. J. Thomas, G. A. Bevan, P. J. Donovan, A. Hawke et al., editors (1950–present), “rhwystro”, in Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru Online (in Welsh), University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh & Celtic Studies
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