retarder

English

Etymology

retard +‎ -er

Noun

retarder (plural retarders)

  1. Something which retards or slows.
    Synonyms: bottleneck, inhibitor, retardant, limiter
    Antonyms: accelerant, promoter, quickener
    The substance acted as a retarder to the chemical reaction because it radically changed the pH.
    • 1999, Dale Crane, Fast-Track Test Guides for Aviation Maintenance: Airframe, page 147:
      Why is retarder used in dope when the dope is being sprayed in humid conditions? The retarder slows the drying of the dope and keeps it from blushing.
  2. (mechanical engineering) A device for slowing down large trucks, lorries, buses, shunted railway wagons.
    • 1961 April, G. Freeman Allen, “The "Rheingold" goes via Cologne”, in Trains Illustrated, page 237:
      [...] unlike the latest British yards, Gremberg has only primary retarders, manually operated, a method that the hump operators apparently prefer to electro-pneumatic control because they can grade the braking pressure more accurately by feel.
  3. (baking) A refrigerator used to slow down proofing of yeast when making dough.

Derived terms

Further reading

Anagrams

French

Etymology

Inherited from Latin retardāre.

Pronunciation

Verb

retarder

  1. to retard, slow down
    Sa bêtise nous a énormément retardé. ― His stupidity greatly slowed us down.
  2. to postpone, put back

Conjugation
Conjugation of retarder (see also Appendix:French verbs)
infinitive simple retarder
compound avoir + past participle
present participle or gerund1 simple retardant
/ʁə.taʁ.dɑ̃/
compound ayant + past participle
past participle retardé
/ʁə.taʁ.de/
singular plural
first second third first second third
indicative je (j’) tu il, elle, on nous vous ils, elles
(simple
tenses)		 present retarde
/ʁə.taʁd/		 retardes
/ʁə.taʁd/		 retarde
/ʁə.taʁd/		 retardons
/ʁə.taʁ.dɔ̃/		 retardez
/ʁə.taʁ.de/		 retardent
/ʁə.taʁd/
imperfect retardais
/ʁə.taʁ.dɛ/		 retardais
/ʁə.taʁ.dɛ/		 retardait
/ʁə.taʁ.dɛ/		 retardions
/ʁə.taʁ.djɔ̃/		 retardiez
/ʁə.taʁ.dje/		 retardaient
/ʁə.taʁ.dɛ/
past historic2 retardai
/ʁə.taʁ.de/		 retardas
/ʁə.taʁ.da/		 retarda
/ʁə.taʁ.da/		 retardâmes
/ʁə.taʁ.dam/		 retardâtes
/ʁə.taʁ.dat/		 retardèrent
/ʁə.taʁ.dɛʁ/
future retarderai
/ʁə.taʁ.də.ʁe/		 retarderas
/ʁə.taʁ.də.ʁa/		 retardera
/ʁə.taʁ.də.ʁa/		 retarderons
/ʁə.taʁ.də.ʁɔ̃/		 retarderez
/ʁə.taʁ.də.ʁe/		 retarderont
/ʁə.taʁ.də.ʁɔ̃/
conditional retarderais
/ʁə.taʁ.də.ʁɛ/		 retarderais
/ʁə.taʁ.də.ʁɛ/		 retarderait
/ʁə.taʁ.də.ʁɛ/		 retarderions
/ʁə.taʁ.də.ʁjɔ̃/		 retarderiez
/ʁə.taʁ.də.ʁje/		 retarderaient
/ʁə.taʁ.də.ʁɛ/
(compound
tenses)		 present perfect present indicative of avoir + past participle
pluperfect imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle
past anterior2 past historic of avoir + past participle
future perfect future of avoir + past participle
conditional perfect conditional of avoir + past participle
subjunctive que je (j’) que tu qu’il, qu’elle que nous que vous qu’ils, qu’elles
(simple
tenses)		 present retarde
/ʁə.taʁd/		 retardes
/ʁə.taʁd/		 retarde
/ʁə.taʁd/		 retardions
/ʁə.taʁ.djɔ̃/		 retardiez
/ʁə.taʁ.dje/		 retardent
/ʁə.taʁd/
imperfect2 retardasse
/ʁə.taʁ.das/		 retardasses
/ʁə.taʁ.das/		 retardât
/ʁə.taʁ.da/		 retardassions
/ʁə.taʁ.da.sjɔ̃/		 retardassiez
/ʁə.taʁ.da.sje/		 retardassent
/ʁə.taʁ.das/
(compound
tenses)		 past present subjunctive of avoir + past participle
pluperfect2 imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle
imperative – tu – nous vous –
simple — retarde
/ʁə.taʁd/		 — retardons
/ʁə.taʁ.dɔ̃/		 retardez
/ʁə.taʁ.de/		 —
compound — simple imperative of avoir + past participle — simple imperative of avoir + past participle simple imperative of avoir + past participle —
1 The French gerund is usable only with the preposition en.
2 In less formal writing or speech, these tenses may be found to have been replaced in the following way:
  • past historic → present perfect
  • past anterior → pluperfect
  • imperfect subjunctive → present subjunctive
  • pluperfect subjunctive → past subjunctive

(Christopher Kendris [1995], Master the Basics: French, pp. 77, 78, 79, 81).

Derived terms

Further reading

Latin

Verb

retarder

  1. first-person singular present passive subjunctive of retardō

Norwegian Bokmål

Pronunciation
  • IPA(key): /rəˈtɑːrər/
  • Audio(file)
  • Rhymes: -ər
  • Hyphenation: re‧tard‧er

Noun

retarder m

  1. indefinite plural of retard

Anagrams

Old French

Etymology

Borrowed from Latin retardō.

Verb

retarder

  1. (transitive) to retard; to delay; to make late
    • li qel paiement par la dite encheson ad esté uncore retardez, Bretigny 28.18
      The aforementioned payment by the same occasion has again been delayed

Conjugation

This verb conjugates as a first-group verb ending in -er. The forms that would normally end in *-d, *-ds, *-dt are modified to t, z, t. Old French conjugation varies significantly by date and by region. The following conjugation should be treated as a guide.

    Conjugation of retarder (see also Appendix:Old French verbs)
simple compound
infinitive retarder avoir retardé
gerund en retardant gerund of avoir + past participle
present participle retardant
past participle retardé
person singular plural
first second third first second third
indicative jo tu il nos vos il
simple
tenses		 present retart retardes retarde retardons retardez retardent
imperfect retardoie, retardeie, retardoe, retardeve retardoies, retardeies, retardoes, retardeves retardoit, retardeit, retardot, retardeve retardiiens, retardiens retardiiez, retardiez retardoient, retardeient, retardoent, retardevent
preterite retardai retardas retarda retardames retardastes retarderent
future retarderai retarderas retardera retarderons retarderoiz, retardereiz, retarderez retarderont
conditional retarderoie, retardereie retarderoies, retardereies retarderoit, retardereit retarderiiens, retarderiens retarderiiez, retarderiez retarderoient, retardereient
compound
tenses		 present perfect present tense of avoir + past participle
pluperfect imperfect tense of avoir + past participle
past anterior preterite tense of avoir + past participle
future perfect future tense of avoir + past participle
conditional perfect conditional tense of avoir + past participle
subjunctive que jo que tu qu’il que nos que vos qu’il
simple
tenses		 present retart retarz retart retardons retardez retardent
imperfect retardasse retardasses retardast retardissons, retardissiens retardissoiz, retardissez, retardissiez retardassent
compound
tenses		 past present subjunctive of avoir + past participle
pluperfect imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle
imperative – tu – nos vos –
— retarde — retardons retardez —

Descendants
  • → English: retard
  • French: retarder
  • Norman: r'tèrgi
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