respirer
French
Etymology
Inherited from Middle French respirer, from Old French respirer, borrowed from Latin respīrāre.
Pronunciation
Verb
respirer
Conjugation
Conjugation of respirer (see also Appendix:French verbs)
infinitive | simple | respirer | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
compound | avoir + past participle | ||||||
present participle or gerund1 | simple | respirant /ʁɛs.pi.ʁɑ̃/ | |||||
compound | ayant + past participle | ||||||
past participle | respiré /ʁɛs.pi.ʁe/ | ||||||
singular | plural | ||||||
first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
indicative | je (j’) | tu | il, elle, on | nous | vous | ils, elles | |
(simple tenses) |
present | respire /ʁɛs.piʁ/ |
respires /ʁɛs.piʁ/ |
respire /ʁɛs.piʁ/ |
respirons /ʁɛs.pi.ʁɔ̃/ |
respirez /ʁɛs.pi.ʁe/ |
respirent /ʁɛs.piʁ/ |
imperfect | respirais /ʁɛs.pi.ʁɛ/ |
respirais /ʁɛs.pi.ʁɛ/ |
respirait /ʁɛs.pi.ʁɛ/ |
respirions /ʁɛs.pi.ʁjɔ̃/ |
respiriez /ʁɛs.pi.ʁje/ |
respiraient /ʁɛs.pi.ʁɛ/ | |
past historic2 | respirai /ʁɛs.pi.ʁe/ |
respiras /ʁɛs.pi.ʁa/ |
respira /ʁɛs.pi.ʁa/ |
respirâmes /ʁɛs.pi.ʁam/ |
respirâtes /ʁɛs.pi.ʁat/ |
respirèrent /ʁɛs.pi.ʁɛʁ/ | |
future | respirerai /ʁɛs.pi.ʁə.ʁe/ |
respireras /ʁɛs.pi.ʁə.ʁa/ |
respirera /ʁɛs.pi.ʁə.ʁa/ |
respirerons /ʁɛs.pi.ʁə.ʁɔ̃/ |
respirerez /ʁɛs.pi.ʁə.ʁe/ |
respireront /ʁɛs.pi.ʁə.ʁɔ̃/ | |
conditional | respirerais /ʁɛs.pi.ʁə.ʁɛ/ |
respirerais /ʁɛs.pi.ʁə.ʁɛ/ |
respirerait /ʁɛs.pi.ʁə.ʁɛ/ |
respirerions /ʁɛs.pi.ʁə.ʁjɔ̃/ |
respireriez /ʁɛs.pi.ʁə.ʁje/ |
respireraient /ʁɛs.pi.ʁə.ʁɛ/ | |
(compound tenses) |
present perfect | present indicative of avoir + past participle | |||||
pluperfect | imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle | ||||||
past anterior2 | past historic of avoir + past participle | ||||||
future perfect | future of avoir + past participle | ||||||
conditional perfect | conditional of avoir + past participle | ||||||
subjunctive | que je (j’) | que tu | qu’il, qu’elle | que nous | que vous | qu’ils, qu’elles | |
(simple tenses) |
present | respire /ʁɛs.piʁ/ |
respires /ʁɛs.piʁ/ |
respire /ʁɛs.piʁ/ |
respirions /ʁɛs.pi.ʁjɔ̃/ |
respiriez /ʁɛs.pi.ʁje/ |
respirent /ʁɛs.piʁ/ |
imperfect2 | respirasse /ʁɛs.pi.ʁas/ |
respirasses /ʁɛs.pi.ʁas/ |
respirât /ʁɛs.pi.ʁa/ |
respirassions /ʁɛs.pi.ʁa.sjɔ̃/ |
respirassiez /ʁɛs.pi.ʁa.sje/ |
respirassent /ʁɛs.pi.ʁas/ | |
(compound tenses) |
past | present subjunctive of avoir + past participle | |||||
pluperfect2 | imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle | ||||||
imperative | – | – | – | ||||
simple | — | respire /ʁɛs.piʁ/ |
— | respirons /ʁɛs.pi.ʁɔ̃/ |
respirez /ʁɛs.pi.ʁe/ |
— | |
compound | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | |
1 The French gerund is usable only with the preposition en. | |||||||
2 In less formal writing or speech, these tenses may be found to have been replaced in the following way:
(Christopher Kendris [1995], Master the Basics: French, pp. 77, 78, 79, 81). |
Derived terms
References
- Etymology and history of “respirer”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.
Further reading
- “respirer”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.
Anagrams
Latin
Pronunciation
- (Classical) IPA(key): /resˈpiː.rer/, [rɛs̠ˈpiːrɛr]
- (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA(key): /resˈpi.rer/, [resˈpiːrer]
Middle French
Etymology
From Old French respirer.
Conjugation
- Middle French conjugation varies from one text to another. Hence, the following conjugation should be considered as typical, not as exhaustive.
Conjugation of respirer
infinitive | simple | respirer | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
compound | avoir + past participle | ||||||
present participle1 or gerund2 | simple | respirant | |||||
compound | present participle or gerund of avoir + past participle | ||||||
past participle | respiré | ||||||
singular | plural | ||||||
first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
indicative | ie (i’) | tu | il, elle | nous | vous | ilz, elles | |
(simple tenses) |
present | respire | respires | respire | respirons | respirez | respirent |
imperfect | respirois, respiroys | respirois, respiroys | respiroit, respiroyt | respirions, respiryons | respiriez, respiryez | respiroient, respiroyent | |
past historic | respira | respiras | respira | respirasmes | respirastes | respirerent | |
future | respirerai, respireray | respireras | respirera | respirerons | respirerez | respireront | |
conditional | respirerois, respireroys | respirerois, respireroys | respireroit, respireroyt | respirerions, respireryons | respireriez, respireryez | respireroient, respireroyent | |
(compound tenses) |
present perfect | present indicative of avoir + past participle | |||||
pluperfect | imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle | ||||||
past anterior | past historic of avoir + past participle | ||||||
future perfect | future of avoir + past participle | ||||||
conditional perfect | conditional of avoir + past participle | ||||||
subjunctive | que ie (i’) | que tu | qu’il, qu’elle | que nous | que vous | qu’ilz, qu’elles | |
(simple tenses) |
present | respire | respires | respire | respirons | respirez | respirent |
imperfect | respirasse | respirasses | respirast | respirassions | respirassiez | respirassent | |
(compound tenses) |
past | present subjunctive of avoir + past participle | |||||
pluperfect | imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle | ||||||
imperative | – | – | – | ||||
simple | — | respire | — | respirons | respirez | — | |
compound | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | |
1 The present participle was variable in gender and number until the 17th century (Anne Sancier-Château [1995], Une esthétique nouvelle: Honoré d'Urfé, correcteur de l'Astrée, p. 179). The French Academy would eventually declare it not to be declined in 1679. | |||||||
2 The gerund was held to be invariable by grammarians of the early 17th century, and was usable with preposition en, as in Modern French, although the preposition was not mandatory (Anne Sancier-Château [1995], op. cit., p. 180). |
Descendants
- French: respirer
Old French
Verb
respirer
Conjugation
This verb conjugates as a first-group verb ending in -er. Old French conjugation varies significantly by date and by region. The following conjugation should be treated as a guide.
simple | compound | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
infinitive | respirer | avoir respiré | |||||
gerund | en respirant | gerund of avoir + past participle | |||||
present participle | respirant | ||||||
past participle | respiré | ||||||
person | singular | plural | |||||
first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
indicative | jo | tu | il | nos | vos | il | |
simple tenses |
present | respir | respires | respire | respirons | respirez | respirent |
imperfect | respiroie, respireie, respiroe, respireve | respiroies, respireies, respiroes, respireves | respiroit, respireit, respirot, respireve | respiriiens, respiriens | respiriiez, respiriez | respiroient, respireient, respiroent, respirevent | |
preterite | respirai | respiras | respira | respirames | respirastes | respirerent | |
future | respirerai | respireras | respirera | respirerons | respireroiz, respirereiz, respirerez | respireront | |
conditional | respireroie, respirereie | respireroies, respirereies | respireroit, respirereit | respireriiens, respireriens | respireriiez, respireriez | respireroient, respirereient | |
compound tenses |
present perfect | present tense of avoir + past participle | |||||
pluperfect | imperfect tense of avoir + past participle | ||||||
past anterior | preterite tense of avoir + past participle | ||||||
future perfect | future tense of avoir + past participle | ||||||
conditional perfect | conditional tense of avoir + past participle | ||||||
subjunctive | que jo | que tu | qu’il | que nos | que vos | qu’il | |
simple tenses |
present | respir | respirs | respirt | respirons | respirez | respirent |
imperfect | respirasse | respirasses | respirast | respirissons, respirissiens | respirissoiz, respirissez, respirissiez | respirassent | |
compound tenses |
past | present subjunctive of avoir + past participle | |||||
pluperfect | imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle | ||||||
imperative | – | tu | – | nos | vos | – | |
— | respire | — | respirons | respirez | — |
Descendants
References
- Godefroy, Frédéric, Dictionnaire de l’ancienne langue française et de tous ses dialectes du IXe au XVe siècle (1881) (respirer, supplement)
Romansch
Etymology
From Latin respīrō, respīrāre.
Synonyms
- (Rumantsch Grischun, Sursilvan) fladar
- (Rumantsch Grischun) trair flad, trair il flad
- (Sursilvan) trer flad
- (Sutsilvan) trer flo
- (Surmiran) trer igl flo
- (Puter) trer fled, trer il fled
- (Vallader) trar il flà
Walloon
Etymology
From Old French respirer, a borrowing from Latin respīrō, respīrāre.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ʀɛspiʀe/
Conjugation





infinitive | respirer | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
gerund | respirant | ||||||
auxiliary | aveur | ||||||
past participle | masculine | feminine | |||||
singular | respiré | respireye | |||||
plural | respirés | respireyes | |||||
singular | plural | ||||||
1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | ||
indicative | dji (dj') | ti (t') | i (il) / ele | dji (dj') / nos | vos | i (il) | |
present | respire | respires | respire | respirans | respirez | respirnut or respirèt | |
imperfect | respiréve | respiréves | respiréve | respiréns | respirîz | respirént | |
preterit | respira | respiras | respira | respirîs | respirîz | respirît | |
future | respirrè | respirrès | respirrè | respirrans | respirroz | respirront | |
conditional | respirreu | respirreus | respirreut | respirréns | respirrîz | respirrént | |
subjunctive | ki dj' | ki t' | k' i (il) / k' ele | ki dj' / ki nos | ki vos | k' i (il) | |
present | respire | respires | respire | respiranxhe | respiroxhe | respirnuxhe or respirèxhe | |
imperfect | respiraxhe | respiraxhes | respiraxhe | respirénxhe | respirîxhe | respirénxhe | |
imperative | — | ti | — | dji / nos | vos | — | |
affirmative | respire! | respirans! | respirez! |
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