refuser
French
Etymology
Inherited from Old French refuser, from Vulgar Latin *refūsāre, a blend of Latin refūtāre and recūsāre.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ʁə.fy.ze/
audio (file)
Conjugation
Conjugation of refuser (see also Appendix:French verbs)
| infinitive | simple | refuser | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| compound | avoir + past participle | ||||||
| present participle or gerund1 | simple | refusant /ʁə.fy.zɑ̃/ | |||||
| compound | ayant + past participle | ||||||
| past participle | refusé /ʁə.fy.ze/ | ||||||
| singular | plural | ||||||
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| indicative | je (j’) | tu | il, elle, on | nous | vous | ils, elles | |
| (simple tenses) |
present | refuse /ʁə.fyz/ |
refuses /ʁə.fyz/ |
refuse /ʁə.fyz/ |
refusons /ʁə.fy.zɔ̃/ |
refusez /ʁə.fy.ze/ |
refusent /ʁə.fyz/ |
| imperfect | refusais /ʁə.fy.zɛ/ |
refusais /ʁə.fy.zɛ/ |
refusait /ʁə.fy.zɛ/ |
refusions /ʁə.fy.zjɔ̃/ |
refusiez /ʁə.fy.zje/ |
refusaient /ʁə.fy.zɛ/ | |
| past historic2 | refusai /ʁə.fy.ze/ |
refusas /ʁə.fy.za/ |
refusa /ʁə.fy.za/ |
refusâmes /ʁə.fy.zam/ |
refusâtes /ʁə.fy.zat/ |
refusèrent /ʁə.fy.zɛʁ/ | |
| future | refuserai /ʁə.fyz.ʁe/ |
refuseras /ʁə.fyz.ʁa/ |
refusera /ʁə.fyz.ʁa/ |
refuserons /ʁə.fyz.ʁɔ̃/ |
refuserez /ʁə.fyz.ʁe/ |
refuseront /ʁə.fyz.ʁɔ̃/ | |
| conditional | refuserais /ʁə.fyz.ʁɛ/ |
refuserais /ʁə.fyz.ʁɛ/ |
refuserait /ʁə.fyz.ʁɛ/ |
refuserions /ʁə.fy.zə.ʁjɔ̃/ |
refuseriez /ʁə.fy.zə.ʁje/ |
refuseraient /ʁə.fyz.ʁɛ/ | |
| (compound tenses) |
present perfect | present indicative of avoir + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect | imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| past anterior2 | past historic of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| future perfect | future of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| conditional perfect | conditional of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| subjunctive | que je (j’) | que tu | qu’il, qu’elle | que nous | que vous | qu’ils, qu’elles | |
| (simple tenses) |
present | refuse /ʁə.fyz/ |
refuses /ʁə.fyz/ |
refuse /ʁə.fyz/ |
refusions /ʁə.fy.zjɔ̃/ |
refusiez /ʁə.fy.zje/ |
refusent /ʁə.fyz/ |
| imperfect2 | refusasse /ʁə.fy.zas/ |
refusasses /ʁə.fy.zas/ |
refusât /ʁə.fy.za/ |
refusassions /ʁə.fy.za.sjɔ̃/ |
refusassiez /ʁə.fy.za.sje/ |
refusassent /ʁə.fy.zas/ | |
| (compound tenses) |
past | present subjunctive of avoir + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect2 | imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| imperative | – | – | – | ||||
| simple | — | refuse /ʁə.fyz/ |
— | refusons /ʁə.fy.zɔ̃/ |
refusez /ʁə.fy.ze/ |
— | |
| compound | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | |
| 1 The French gerund is usable only with the preposition en. | |||||||
2 In less formal writing or speech, these tenses may be found to have been replaced in the following way:
(Christopher Kendris [1995], Master the Basics: French, pp. 77, 78, 79, 81). | |||||||
Derived terms
Related terms
Further reading
- “refuser”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.
Old French
Etymology
From Vulgar Latin *refūsāre.
Conjugation
This verb conjugates as a first-group verb ending in -er. The forms that would normally end in *-ss, *-st are modified to s, st. Old French conjugation varies significantly by date and by region. The following conjugation should be treated as a guide.
| simple | compound | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| infinitive | refuser | avoir refusé | |||||
| gerund | en refusant | gerund of avoir + past participle | |||||
| present participle | refusant | ||||||
| past participle | refusé | ||||||
| person | singular | plural | |||||
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| indicative | jo | tu | il | nos | vos | il | |
| simple tenses |
present | refus | refuses | refuse | refusons | refusez | refusent |
| imperfect | refusoie, refuseie, refusoe, refuseve | refusoies, refuseies, refusoes, refuseves | refusoit, refuseit, refusot, refuseve | refusiiens, refusiens | refusiiez, refusiez | refusoient, refuseient, refusoent, refusevent | |
| preterite | refusai | refusas | refusa | refusames | refusastes | refuserent | |
| future | refuserai | refuseras | refusera | refuserons | refuseroiz, refusereiz, refuserez | refuseront | |
| conditional | refuseroie, refusereie | refuseroies, refusereies | refuseroit, refusereit | refuseriiens, refuseriens | refuseriiez, refuseriez | refuseroient, refusereient | |
| compound tenses |
present perfect | present tense of avoir + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect | imperfect tense of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| past anterior | preterite tense of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| future perfect | future tense of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| conditional perfect | conditional tense of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| subjunctive | que jo | que tu | qu’il | que nos | que vos | qu’il | |
| simple tenses |
present | refus | refus | refust | refusons | refusez | refusent |
| imperfect | refusasse | refusasses | refusast | refusissons, refusissiens | refusissoiz, refusissez, refusissiez | refusassent | |
| compound tenses |
past | present subjunctive of avoir + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect | imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| imperative | – | tu | – | nos | vos | – | |
| — | refuse | — | refusons | refusez | — | ||
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