refringo

Latin

Etymology

From re- +‎ frangō.

Pronunciation

Verb

refringō (present infinitive refringere, perfect active refrēgī, supine refrāctum); third conjugation

  1. to break up or open
  2. (physics) to refract

Conjugation
   Conjugation of refringō (third conjugation)
indicative singular plural
first second third first second third
active present refringō refringis refringit refringimus refringitis refringunt
imperfect refringēbam refringēbās refringēbat refringēbāmus refringēbātis refringēbant
future refringam refringēs refringet refringēmus refringētis refringent
perfect refrēgī refrēgistī refrēgit refrēgimus refrēgistis refrēgērunt,
refrēgēre
pluperfect refrēgeram refrēgerās refrēgerat refrēgerāmus refrēgerātis refrēgerant
future perfect refrēgerō refrēgeris refrēgerit refrēgerimus refrēgeritis refrēgerint
passive present refringor refringeris,
refringere		 refringitur refringimur refringiminī refringuntur
imperfect refringēbar refringēbāris,
refringēbāre		 refringēbātur refringēbāmur refringēbāminī refringēbantur
future refringar refringēris,
refringēre		 refringētur refringēmur refringēminī refringentur
perfect refrāctus + present active indicative of sum
pluperfect refrāctus + imperfect active indicative of sum
future perfect refrāctus + future active indicative of sum
subjunctive singular plural
first second third first second third
active present refringam refringās refringat refringāmus refringātis refringant
imperfect refringerem refringerēs refringeret refringerēmus refringerētis refringerent
perfect refrēgerim refrēgerīs refrēgerit refrēgerīmus refrēgerītis refrēgerint
pluperfect refrēgissem refrēgissēs refrēgisset refrēgissēmus refrēgissētis refrēgissent
passive present refringar refringāris,
refringāre		 refringātur refringāmur refringāminī refringantur
imperfect refringerer refringerēris,
refringerēre		 refringerētur refringerēmur refringerēminī refringerentur
perfect refrāctus + present active subjunctive of sum
pluperfect refrāctus + imperfect active subjunctive of sum
imperative singular plural
first second third first second third
active present — refringe — — refringite —
future — refringitō refringitō — refringitōte refringuntō
passive present — refringere — — refringiminī —
future — refringitor refringitor — — refringuntor
non-finite forms active passive
present perfect future present perfect future
infinitives refringere refrēgisse refrāctūrum esse refringī refrāctum esse refrāctum īrī
participles refringēns — refrāctūrus — refrāctus refringendus,
refringundus
verbal nouns gerund supine
genitive dative accusative ablative accusative ablative
refringendī refringendō refringendum refringendō refrāctum refrāctū

Descendants
  • → Catalan: refringir
  • Old Francoprovençal: *refreindre
  • Old French: refraindre
  • → Sicilian: rifrànciri
  • → Spanish: refringir

References
  • “refringo”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
  • “refringo”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
  • refringo in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
  • Carl Meißner, Henry William Auden (1894) Latin Phrase-Book‎, London: Macmillan and Co.
    • to destroy a despotism, tyranny: dominationem or dominatum refringere
    • to break down the gates: portas refringere
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