qinisa
Xhosa
Inflection
This verb needs an inflection-table template.
Zulu
Verb
-qinísa
- (transitive) to firm up, to tighten, to fix
- (transitive) to strengthen
- (transitive) to assert, to attest, to confirm, to prove, to ratify, to validate
- (transitive) to encourage, to enthuse, to motivate
- (intransitive) to act determinedly, to act with energy
- (intransitive) to fulfil one's word, to speak the truth
Inflection
Tone H | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Infinitive | ukuqinisa | ||||||||
Positive | Negative | ||||||||
Infinitive | ukuqinisa | ukungaqinisi | |||||||
Imperative | |||||||||
Simple | + object concord | ||||||||
Singular | qinisa | -qinise | |||||||
Plural | qinisani | -qiniseni | |||||||
Present | |||||||||
Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial | ||||
1st singular | ngiyaqinisa, ngiqinisa | engiqinisayo, engiqinisa | ngiqinisa | angiqinisi | engingaqinisi | ngingaqinisi | |||
2nd singular | uyaqinisa, uqinisa | oqinisayo, oqinisa | uqinisa | awuqinisi | ongaqinisi | ungaqinisi | |||
1st plural | siyaqinisa, siqinisa | esiqinisayo, esiqinisa | siqinisa | asiqinisi | esingaqinisi | singaqinisi | |||
2nd plural | niyaqinisa, niqinisa | eniqinisayo, eniqinisa | niqinisa | aniqinisi | eningaqinisi | ningaqinisi | |||
Class 1 | uyaqinisa, uqinisa | oqinisayo, oqinisa | eqinisa | akaqinisi | ongaqinisi | engaqinisi | |||
Class 2 | bayaqinisa, baqinisa | abaqinisayo, abaqinisa | beqinisa | abaqinisi | abangaqinisi | bengaqinisi | |||
Class 3 | uyaqinisa, uqinisa | oqinisayo, oqinisa | uqinisa | awuqinisi | ongaqinisi | ungaqinisi | |||
Class 4 | iyaqinisa, iqinisa | eqinisayo, eqinisa | iqinisa | ayiqinisi | engaqinisi | ingaqinisi | |||
Class 5 | liyaqinisa, liqinisa | eliqinisayo, eliqinisa | liqinisa | aliqinisi | elingaqinisi | lingaqinisi | |||
Class 6 | ayaqinisa, aqinisa | aqinisayo, aqinisa | eqinisa | awaqinisi | angaqinisi | engaqinisi | |||
Class 7 | siyaqinisa, siqinisa | esiqinisayo, esiqinisa | siqinisa | asiqinisi | esingaqinisi | singaqinisi | |||
Class 8 | ziyaqinisa, ziqinisa | eziqinisayo, eziqinisa | ziqinisa | aziqinisi | ezingaqinisi | zingaqinisi | |||
Class 9 | iyaqinisa, iqinisa | eqinisayo, eqinisa | iqinisa | ayiqinisi | engaqinisi | ingaqinisi | |||
Class 10 | ziyaqinisa, ziqinisa | eziqinisayo, eziqinisa | ziqinisa | aziqinisi | ezingaqinisi | zingaqinisi | |||
Class 11 | luyaqinisa, luqinisa | oluqinisayo, oluqinisa | luqinisa | aluqinisi | olungaqinisi | lungaqinisi | |||
Class 14 | buyaqinisa, buqinisa | obuqinisayo, obuqinisa | buqinisa | abuqinisi | obungaqinisi | bungaqinisi | |||
Class 15 | kuyaqinisa, kuqinisa | okuqinisayo, okuqinisa | kuqinisa | akuqinisi | okungaqinisi | kungaqinisi | |||
Class 17 | kuyaqinisa, kuqinisa | okuqinisayo, okuqinisa | kuqinisa | akuqinisi | okungaqinisi | kungaqinisi | |||
Recent past | |||||||||
Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial | ||||
1st singular | ngiqinisile, ngiqinisē | engiqinisile, engiqinisē | ngiqinisile, ngiqinisē | angiqinisanga | engingaqinisanga | ngingaqinisanga | |||
2nd singular | uqinisile, uqinisē | oqinisile, oqinisē | uqinisile, uqinisē | awuqinisanga | ongaqinisanga | ungaqinisanga | |||
1st plural | siqinisile, siqinisē | esiqinisile, esiqinisē | siqinisile, siqinisē | asiqinisanga | esingaqinisanga | singaqinisanga | |||
2nd plural | niqinisile, niqinisē | eniqinisile, eniqinisē | niqinisile, niqinisē | aniqinisanga | eningaqinisanga | ningaqinisanga | |||
Class 1 | uqinisile, uqinisē | oqinisile, oqinisē | eqinisile, eqinisē | akaqinisanga | ongaqinisanga | engaqinisanga | |||
Class 2 | baqinisile, baqinisē | abaqinisile, abaqinisē | beqinisile, beqinisē | abaqinisanga | abangaqinisanga | bengaqinisanga | |||
Class 3 | uqinisile, uqinisē | oqinisile, oqinisē | uqinisile, uqinisē | awuqinisanga | ongaqinisanga | ungaqinisanga | |||
Class 4 | iqinisile, iqinisē | eqinisile, eqinisē | iqinisile, iqinisē | ayiqinisanga | engaqinisanga | ingaqinisanga | |||
Class 5 | liqinisile, liqinisē | eliqinisile, eliqinisē | liqinisile, liqinisē | aliqinisanga | elingaqinisanga | lingaqinisanga | |||
Class 6 | aqinisile, aqinisē | aqinisile, aqinisē | eqinisile, eqinisē | awaqinisanga | angaqinisanga | engaqinisanga | |||
Class 7 | siqinisile, siqinisē | esiqinisile, esiqinisē | siqinisile, siqinisē | asiqinisanga | esingaqinisanga | singaqinisanga | |||
Class 8 | ziqinisile, ziqinisē | eziqinisile, eziqinisē | ziqinisile, ziqinisē | aziqinisanga | ezingaqinisanga | zingaqinisanga | |||
Class 9 | iqinisile, iqinisē | eqinisile, eqinisē | iqinisile, iqinisē | ayiqinisanga | engaqinisanga | ingaqinisanga | |||
Class 10 | ziqinisile, ziqinisē | eziqinisile, eziqinisē | ziqinisile, ziqinisē | aziqinisanga | ezingaqinisanga | zingaqinisanga | |||
Class 11 | luqinisile, luqinisē | oluqinisile, oluqinisē | luqinisile, luqinisē | aluqinisanga | olungaqinisanga | lungaqinisanga | |||
Class 14 | buqinisile, buqinisē | obuqinisile, obuqinisē | buqinisile, buqinisē | abuqinisanga | obungaqinisanga | bungaqinisanga | |||
Class 15 | kuqinisile, kuqinisē | okuqinisile, okuqinisē | kuqinisile, kuqinisē | akuqinisanga | okungaqinisanga | kungaqinisanga | |||
Class 17 | kuqinisile, kuqinisē | okuqinisile, okuqinisē | kuqinisile, kuqinisē | akuqinisanga | okungaqinisanga | kungaqinisanga | |||
Remote past | |||||||||
Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial | ||||
1st singular | ngāqinisa | engāqinisa | ngāqinisa | angiqinisanga | engingaqinisanga | ngingaqinisanga | |||
2nd singular | wāqinisa | owāqinisa | wāqinisa | awuqinisanga | ongaqinisanga | ungaqinisanga | |||
1st plural | sāqinisa | esāqinisa | sāqinisa | asiqinisanga | esingaqinisanga | singaqinisanga | |||
2nd plural | nāqinisa | enāqinisa | nāqinisa | aniqinisanga | eningaqinisanga | ningaqinisanga | |||
Class 1 | wāqinisa | owāqinisa | āqinisa | akaqinisanga | ongaqinisanga | engaqinisanga | |||
Class 2 | bāqinisa | abāqinisa | bāqinisa | abaqinisanga | abangaqinisanga | bengaqinisanga | |||
Class 3 | wāqinisa | owāqinisa | wāqinisa | awuqinisanga | ongaqinisanga | ungaqinisanga | |||
Class 4 | yāqinisa | eyāqinisa | yāqinisa | ayiqinisanga | engaqinisanga | ingaqinisanga | |||
Class 5 | lāqinisa | elāqinisa | lāqinisa | aliqinisanga | elingaqinisanga | lingaqinisanga | |||
Class 6 | āqinisa | āqinisa | āqinisa | awaqinisanga | angaqinisanga | engaqinisanga | |||
Class 7 | sāqinisa | esāqinisa | sāqinisa | asiqinisanga | esingaqinisanga | singaqinisanga | |||
Class 8 | zāqinisa | ezāqinisa | zāqinisa | aziqinisanga | ezingaqinisanga | zingaqinisanga | |||
Class 9 | yāqinisa | eyāqinisa | yāqinisa | ayiqinisanga | engaqinisanga | ingaqinisanga | |||
Class 10 | zāqinisa | ezāqinisa | zāqinisa | aziqinisanga | ezingaqinisanga | zingaqinisanga | |||
Class 11 | lwāqinisa | olwāqinisa | lwāqinisa | aluqinisanga | olungaqinisanga | lungaqinisanga | |||
Class 14 | bāqinisa | obāqinisa | bāqinisa | abuqinisanga | obungaqinisanga | bungaqinisanga | |||
Class 15 | kwāqinisa | okwāqinisa | kwāqinisa | akuqinisanga | okungaqinisanga | kungaqinisanga | |||
Class 17 | kwāqinisa | okwāqinisa | kwāqinisa | akuqinisanga | okungaqinisanga | kungaqinisanga | |||
Potential | |||||||||
Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial | ||||
1st singular | ngingaqinisa | — | ngingaqinisa | ngingeqinise | — | ngingeqinise | |||
2nd singular | ungaqinisa | — | ungaqinisa | ungeqinise | — | ungeqinise | |||
1st plural | singaqinisa | — | singaqinisa | singeqinise | — | singeqinise | |||
2nd plural | ningaqinisa | — | ningaqinisa | ningeqinise | — | ningeqinise | |||
Class 1 | angaqinisa | — | engaqinisa | angeqinise | — | engeqinise | |||
Class 2 | bangaqinisa | — | bengaqinisa | bangeqinise | — | bengeqinise | |||
Class 3 | ungaqinisa | — | ungaqinisa | ungeqinise | — | ungeqinise | |||
Class 4 | ingaqinisa | — | ingaqinisa | ingeqinise | — | ingeqinise | |||
Class 5 | lingaqinisa | — | lingaqinisa | lingeqinise | — | lingeqinise | |||
Class 6 | angaqinisa | — | engaqinisa | angeqinise | — | engeqinise | |||
Class 7 | singaqinisa | — | singaqinisa | singeqinise | — | singeqinise | |||
Class 8 | zingaqinisa | — | zingaqinisa | zingeqinise | — | zingeqinise | |||
Class 9 | ingaqinisa | — | ingaqinisa | ingeqinise | — | ingeqinise | |||
Class 10 | zingaqinisa | — | zingaqinisa | zingeqinise | — | zingeqinise | |||
Class 11 | lungaqinisa | — | lungaqinisa | lungeqinise | — | lungeqinise | |||
Class 14 | bungaqinisa | — | bungaqinisa | bungeqinise | — | bungeqinise | |||
Class 15 | kungaqinisa | — | kungaqinisa | kungeqinise | — | kungeqinise | |||
Class 17 | kungaqinisa | — | kungaqinisa | kungeqinise | — | kungeqinise | |||
Immediate future | |||||||||
Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial | ||||
1st singular | ngizoqinisa | engizoqinisa | ngizoqinisa | angizuqinisa | engingezuqinisa | ngingezuqinisa | |||
2nd singular | uzoqinisa | ozoqinisa | uzoqinisa | awuzuqinisa | ongezuqinisa | ungezuqinisa | |||
1st plural | sizoqinisa | esizoqinisa | sizoqinisa | asizuqinisa | esingezuqinisa | singezuqinisa | |||
2nd plural | nizoqinisa | enizoqinisa | nizoqinisa | anizuqinisa | eningezuqinisa | ningezuqinisa | |||
Class 1 | uzoqinisa | ozoqinisa | ezoqinisa | akazuqinisa | ongezuqinisa | engezuqinisa | |||
Class 2 | bazoqinisa | abazoqinisa | bezoqinisa | abazuqinisa | abangezuqinisa | bengezuqinisa | |||
Class 3 | uzoqinisa | ozoqinisa | uzoqinisa | awuzuqinisa | ongezuqinisa | ungezuqinisa | |||
Class 4 | izoqinisa | ezoqinisa | izoqinisa | ayizuqinisa | engezuqinisa | ingezuqinisa | |||
Class 5 | lizoqinisa | elizoqinisa | lizoqinisa | alizuqinisa | elingezuqinisa | lingezuqinisa | |||
Class 6 | azoqinisa | azoqinisa | ezoqinisa | awazuqinisa | angezuqinisa | engezuqinisa | |||
Class 7 | sizoqinisa | esizoqinisa | sizoqinisa | asizuqinisa | esingezuqinisa | singezuqinisa | |||
Class 8 | zizoqinisa | ezizoqinisa | zizoqinisa | azizuqinisa | ezingezuqinisa | zingezuqinisa | |||
Class 9 | izoqinisa | ezoqinisa | izoqinisa | ayizuqinisa | engezuqinisa | ingezuqinisa | |||
Class 10 | zizoqinisa | ezizoqinisa | zizoqinisa | azizuqinisa | ezingezuqinisa | zingezuqinisa | |||
Class 11 | luzoqinisa | oluzoqinisa | luzoqinisa | aluzuqinisa | olungezuqinisa | lungezuqinisa | |||
Class 14 | buzoqinisa | obuzoqinisa | buzoqinisa | abuzuqinisa | obungezuqinisa | bungezuqinisa | |||
Class 15 | kuzoqinisa | okuzoqinisa | kuzoqinisa | akuzuqinisa | okungezuqinisa | kungezuqinisa | |||
Class 17 | kuzoqinisa | okuzoqinisa | kuzoqinisa | akuzuqinisa | okungezuqinisa | kungezuqinisa | |||
Remote future | |||||||||
Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial | ||||
1st singular | ngiyoqinisa | engiyoqinisa | ngiyoqinisa | angiyuqinisa | engingeyuqinisa | ngingeyuqinisa | |||
2nd singular | uyoqinisa | oyoqinisa | uyoqinisa | awuyuqinisa | ongeyuqinisa | ungeyuqinisa | |||
1st plural | siyoqinisa | esiyoqinisa | siyoqinisa | asiyuqinisa | esingeyuqinisa | singeyuqinisa | |||
2nd plural | niyoqinisa | eniyoqinisa | niyoqinisa | aniyuqinisa | eningeyuqinisa | ningeyuqinisa | |||
Class 1 | uyoqinisa | oyoqinisa | eyoqinisa | akayuqinisa | ongeyuqinisa | engeyuqinisa | |||
Class 2 | bayoqinisa | abayoqinisa | beyoqinisa | abayuqinisa | abangeyuqinisa | bengeyuqinisa | |||
Class 3 | uyoqinisa | oyoqinisa | uyoqinisa | awuyuqinisa | ongeyuqinisa | ungeyuqinisa | |||
Class 4 | iyoqinisa | eyoqinisa | iyoqinisa | ayiyuqinisa | engeyuqinisa | ingeyuqinisa | |||
Class 5 | liyoqinisa | eliyoqinisa | liyoqinisa | aliyuqinisa | elingeyuqinisa | lingeyuqinisa | |||
Class 6 | ayoqinisa | ayoqinisa | eyoqinisa | awayuqinisa | angeyuqinisa | engeyuqinisa | |||
Class 7 | siyoqinisa | esiyoqinisa | siyoqinisa | asiyuqinisa | esingeyuqinisa | singeyuqinisa | |||
Class 8 | ziyoqinisa | eziyoqinisa | ziyoqinisa | aziyuqinisa | ezingeyuqinisa | zingeyuqinisa | |||
Class 9 | iyoqinisa | eyoqinisa | iyoqinisa | ayiyuqinisa | engeyuqinisa | ingeyuqinisa | |||
Class 10 | ziyoqinisa | eziyoqinisa | ziyoqinisa | aziyuqinisa | ezingeyuqinisa | zingeyuqinisa | |||
Class 11 | luyoqinisa | oluyoqinisa | luyoqinisa | aluyuqinisa | olungeyuqinisa | lungeyuqinisa | |||
Class 14 | buyoqinisa | obuyoqinisa | buyoqinisa | abuyuqinisa | obungeyuqinisa | bungeyuqinisa | |||
Class 15 | kuyoqinisa | okuyoqinisa | kuyoqinisa | akuyuqinisa | okungeyuqinisa | kungeyuqinisa | |||
Class 17 | kuyoqinisa | okuyoqinisa | kuyoqinisa | akuyuqinisa | okungeyuqinisa | kungeyuqinisa | |||
Present subjunctive | |||||||||
Positive | Negative | ||||||||
1st singular | ngiqinise | ngingaqinisi | |||||||
2nd singular | uqinise | ungaqinisi | |||||||
1st plural | siqinise | singaqinisi | |||||||
2nd plural | niqinise | ningaqinisi | |||||||
Class 1 | aqinise | angaqinisi | |||||||
Class 2 | baqinise | bangaqinisi | |||||||
Class 3 | uqinise | ungaqinisi | |||||||
Class 4 | iqinise | ingaqinisi | |||||||
Class 5 | liqinise | lingaqinisi | |||||||
Class 6 | aqinise | angaqinisi | |||||||
Class 7 | siqinise | singaqinisi | |||||||
Class 8 | ziqinise | zingaqinisi | |||||||
Class 9 | iqinise | ingaqinisi | |||||||
Class 10 | ziqinise | zingaqinisi | |||||||
Class 11 | luqinise | lungaqinisi | |||||||
Class 14 | buqinise | bungaqinisi | |||||||
Class 15 | kuqinise | kungaqinisi | |||||||
Class 17 | kuqinise | kungaqinisi | |||||||
Past subjunctive | |||||||||
Positive | Negative | ||||||||
1st singular | ngaqinisa | ngangaqinisa, angaqinisa, angangaqinisa | |||||||
2nd singular | waqinisa | wangaqinisa, awaqinisa, awangaqinisa | |||||||
1st plural | saqinisa | sangaqinisa, asaqinisa, asangaqinisa | |||||||
2nd plural | naqinisa | nangaqinisa, anaqinisa, anangaqinisa | |||||||
Class 1 | waqinisa | wangaqinisa, akaqinisa, akangaqinisa | |||||||
Class 2 | baqinisa | bangaqinisa, abaqinisa, abangaqinisa | |||||||
Class 3 | waqinisa | wangaqinisa, awaqinisa, awangaqinisa | |||||||
Class 4 | yaqinisa | yangaqinisa, ayaqinisa, ayangaqinisa | |||||||
Class 5 | laqinisa | langaqinisa, alaqinisa, alangaqinisa | |||||||
Class 6 | aqinisa | angaqinisa, awaqinisa, awangaqinisa | |||||||
Class 7 | saqinisa | sangaqinisa, asaqinisa, asangaqinisa | |||||||
Class 8 | zaqinisa | zangaqinisa, azaqinisa, azangaqinisa | |||||||
Class 9 | yaqinisa | yangaqinisa, ayaqinisa, ayangaqinisa | |||||||
Class 10 | zaqinisa | zangaqinisa, azaqinisa, azangaqinisa | |||||||
Class 11 | lwaqinisa | lwangaqinisa, alwaqinisa, alwangaqinisa | |||||||
Class 14 | baqinisa | bangaqinisa, abaqinisa, abangaqinisa | |||||||
Class 15 | kwaqinisa | kwangaqinisa, akwaqinisa, akwangaqinisa | |||||||
Class 17 | kwaqinisa | kwangaqinisa, akwaqinisa, akwangaqinisa |
References
- C. M. Doke, B. W. Vilakazi (1972) “qinisa”, in Zulu-English Dictionary, →ISBN: “qinisa (3.2.9)”
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