porceo

Latin

Etymology

From po- +‎ arceō.

Pronunciation
  • (Classical) IPA(key): /ˈpoːr.ke.oː/, [ˈpoːrkeoː] or IPA(key): /ˈpor.ke.oː/, [ˈpɔrkeoː]
  • (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA(key): /ˈpor.t͡ʃe.o/, [ˈpɔrt͡ʃeo]
  • Note: there are no other examples of ŏ-ă hiatus from which to generalize the length of the resulting vowel; however, by the general rule a short vowel is simply deleted.

Verb

pō̆rceō (present infinitive pō̆rcēre); second conjugation, no perfect or supine stem

  1. (archaic) to keep or ward off or back, hinder, restrain
    • c. 2nd century, Sextus Pompeius Festus, De verborum significatione 218. (This folk-etymology might yield evidence for short pǒrcēre):
      porcae appellantur rārī sulcī, quī dūcuntur aquae dērīvandae grātiā, dictī quod pō̆rcent, id est prohibent aquam frūmentīs nocēre.
    • c. 165 BCE – 103 BCE, Gaius Lucilius, Saturae apud Nonium Marcellum 160.9:
      nōn tē porrō prōcēdere pō̆rcent.
    • 239 BCE – 169 BCE, Ennius, Telamo apud Nonium Marcellum 160.6:
      deum mē sentit facere pietās, cīvium pō̆rcet pudor.
    • 116 BCE – 27 BCE, Marcus Terentius Varro, Menippeae apud Nonium Marcellum 160.8:
      hunc Cerēs, cibī ministra, frūgibus suīs pō̆rcet.
    • 2nd century BCE, Marcus Pacuvius, Atalanta apud Nonium Marcellum 160.2:
      mī gnāte, ut verear ēloquī, pō̆rcet pudor.
    • 170 BCE – c. 86 BCE, Accius, Epigoni apud Nonium Marcellum 160.5:
      quibus oculīs quisquam nostrum poterit illōrum optuī
      vultūs, quōs jam ab armīs annī pō̆rcent?

Usage notes

The perfect stem porxī appears only once in a gloss by the grammarian Charisius.

Conjugation
   Conjugation of pō̆rceō (second conjugation, no supine stem, no perfect stem)
indicative singular plural
first second third first second third
active present pō̆rceō pō̆rcēs pō̆rcet pō̆rcēmus pō̆rcētis pō̆rcent
imperfect pō̆rcēbam pō̆rcēbās pō̆rcēbat pō̆rcēbāmus pō̆rcēbātis pō̆rcēbant
future pō̆rcēbō pō̆rcēbis pō̆rcēbit pō̆rcēbimus pō̆rcēbitis pō̆rcēbunt
passive present pō̆rceor pō̆rcēris,
pō̆rcēre		 pō̆rcētur pō̆rcēmur pō̆rcēminī pō̆rcentur
imperfect pō̆rcēbar pō̆rcēbāris,
pō̆rcēbāre		 pō̆rcēbātur pō̆rcēbāmur pō̆rcēbāminī pō̆rcēbantur
future pō̆rcēbor pō̆rcēberis,
pō̆rcēbere		 pō̆rcēbitur pō̆rcēbimur pō̆rcēbiminī pō̆rcēbuntur
subjunctive singular plural
first second third first second third
active present pō̆rceam pō̆rceās pō̆rceat pō̆rceāmus pō̆rceātis pō̆rceant
imperfect pō̆rcērem pō̆rcērēs pō̆rcēret pō̆rcērēmus pō̆rcērētis pō̆rcērent
passive present pō̆rcear pō̆rceāris,
pō̆rceāre		 pō̆rceātur pō̆rceāmur pō̆rceāminī pō̆rceantur
imperfect pō̆rcērer pō̆rcērēris,
pō̆rcērēre		 pō̆rcērētur pō̆rcērēmur pō̆rcērēminī pō̆rcērentur
imperative singular plural
first second third first second third
active present — pō̆rcē — — pō̆rcēte —
future — pō̆rcētō pō̆rcētō — pō̆rcētōte pō̆rcentō
passive present — pō̆rcēre — — pō̆rcēminī —
future — pō̆rcētor pō̆rcētor — — pō̆rcentor
non-finite forms active passive
present perfect future present perfect future
infinitives pō̆rcēre — — pō̆rcērī — —
participles pō̆rcēns — — — — pō̆rcendus
verbal nouns gerund supine
genitive dative accusative ablative accusative ablative
pō̆rcendī pō̆rcendō pō̆rcendum pō̆rcendō — —

References
  • “porceo”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
  • porceo in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
  • porceo in Georges, Karl Ernst, Georges, Heinrich (1913–1918) Ausführliches lateinisch-deutsches Handwörterbuch, 8th edition, volume 2, Hahnsche Buchhandlung
  • “porceo” in volume 10/1, column 2741, line 54 in the Thesaurus Linguae Latinae (TLL Open Access), Berlin (formerly Leipzig): De Gruyter (formerly Teubner), 1900–present
  • De Vaan, Michiel (2008) “arceō”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 51
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